( fe 4 [xxxvii 
and G. rhamni which have just been laid before us by Dr. 
Longstaff are of very great interest,and certainly point in the 
direction of a real distinction between the two forms. I have 
occasionally detected a slight scent in British specimens of G. 
rhamni 3, as recorded in our ‘ Proceedings’ for 1904, p. lviii, 
but nothing like what Dr. Longstaff describes in G. cleopatra. 
“It is by no means easy to determine the relation in which 
the forms of the genus Gonepteryx stand to one another, and I 
hope I shall not be thought to be wasting the time of the 
meeting if I say a few words on this subject. 
“In the Canary Islands we have G@. cleobule, Hiibn., which 
is no doubt a distinct insular form. The fore-wings in the 
male are of a brilliant orange right up to the margin, while the 
hind-wings of that sex and the whole upper-surface of the female 
are tinged with paler orange. In G. maderensis, Feld., from 
Madeira, the males more nearly resemble G. cleopatra, Linn., 
and the females are also more deeply coloured than in G. rhamni. 
G. cleopatra, as is well known, is chiefly characteristic of the 
Mediterranean subregion. Its male shows a brilliant orange 
flush on the fore-wings which varies somewhat in size, but is 
always, I think, inferior in area to that of G. maderensis. In 
Syria, Asia Minor, and the Island of Cyprus occurs the form 
G. tawrica, Stdgr. (G. antonia, Butl.), which is like G. cleopatra 
with its orange flush in a pale, washed-out condition. G. 
rhamni, Linn., occurs generally in Europe, including the parts 
of the Mediterranean subregion inhabited by G. cleopatra. 
Mr. Elwes records it also from the Altai. In the Levant, 
and as far east as Turkestan (Elwes), is found a form, G. 
Jarinosa, Mann., in which the wings of both sexes have a 
mealy appearance, due to semi-erect scales like those which 
characterise the borders of the wings in many species of 
Catopsilia and Callidryas. G. nipalensis, G. R. Gray, of which 
G. carnipennis, Butl., is perhaps a dry-season phase, is the 
form inhabiting northern India and the Himalaya. The male 
is of a deeper and richer yellow than that of G. rhamni, and 
both sexes often have the orange discoidal spots, especially of 
the hind-wing, greatly increased in size. A similar form from 
China has an indication of an orange flush on the fore-wings 
in a still more attenuated form than G. tauwrica. This Chinese 
