THE CAUSE OF MIMETIC RESEMBLANCE ETC. 



565 



(3) The Relation of the Resemblances under Discussion to other 

 Resemblances in Organic Nature. 

 To those who accept natural selection as the explanation of 

 mimicry, the facts under discussion fall into their place as part 

 of the much wider group of Protective Resemblances in general. 

 Mimicry becomes merely " an exceptional form of protective 

 resemblance " (Wallace, ' Darwinism,' London, 1889, p. 265). 

 The following classification was suggested by the present writer, 

 with the assistance of Mr. Arthur Sidgwick, in 1890 (' The 

 Colours of Animals,' Internat. Sci. Ser,, London, 1890, p. 338): — 



I. Apafctic colours.— Colonrs resem- 

 bling some part of the environment or 

 the appearance of another species. 



A. Cryptic colours. 

 Protective and Ag- 

 gressive Kesem- 

 blances. 



B. Pseiidosematic 

 colours. — False 

 warning and sig- 

 nalling colours. 



1. Trocryptic 

 colours. — Protec- 

 tive Resemblances. 



2. Anticryptic 

 colours. — Aggres- 

 sive Resemblances. 



1. Fseudapose- 

 matic colours. — 

 Protective Mimi- 

 cry. 



2. Pseudepisema- 

 tic colours. — Ag- 

 gressive Mimicry 

 and Alluring Co- 

 loration. 



1 1 . 8i'm atic colottrs. — 

 Warning and signal- 

 ling colours. 



1. Aposematic 

 colours. — Warning 

 colours. 



2. Episematic co- 

 lours. — Recognition 

 markings. 



III. Ep)igamk 

 colours. — Co 

 lours dis 



played ii 



courtship. 



Thus the facts of mimicry fit into a broad system which includes 

 the other resemblances in organic nature. The relation between 

 protective resemblance (I. A. 1) and prutective mimicry (I. B. 1) 

 is as follows : — In the former an animal resembles some object 

 which is of no interest to its enemy, and in doing so is concealed ; 

 in the latter an animal resembles an object which is well known 

 and avoided by its enemy, and in doing so becomes conspicuous. 

 Thus mimicry as interpreted by H. W. Bates finds its place in 

 I. B. 1, while the resemblance between protected conspicuous 

 forms (sometimes, but, as I think, erroneously, called mimicry), 

 as interpreted by Fritz Miiller (' Kosmos,' May 1879, p. 100, 

 translated by Meldola in Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1879, p. xx), 

 falls into II. 1. Such cases only differ from ordinary warning 

 colours in that they are common to two or more species : hence, 



