THE CAirSE OP MIMETIC EESEMBLANCK ETC. 569 



SO devoid of support from the results of experiment and observa- 

 tion as has been represented. 



Since 1887 further evidence has been forthcoming in support 

 of the Miillerian explanation ; for it has been shown in many cases 

 that insects which resemble specially defended members of another 

 order, themselves belon? to a specially defended group within 

 their own order. Thus Haase (' Researches on Mimicry,' part ii. 

 London, 1896, English translation by C. M. Child, p. 70) poinds 

 out that the South-American moths which resemble " immune " 

 Coleoptera — the Lyclncd, " belong to the immune families of the 

 GlaucopidfP (llimica, Lycomorpha) and Arctiidce (Pionia),^' and 

 also that (l. c. p. 73) the South-American Glaucopidce furnish 

 numerous cases of resemblance to Aculeate Hymenoptera. In a 

 note to the same page Haase adduces some little direct evidence 

 for the inedibility of a Glaucopid. 



During the past year Dr. L. O. Howard, of Washington, has 

 kindly presented to the Hope Department, Oxford University 

 Museum, a pair of specimens which prove that the protected moth 

 Lycomorpha latercula (Edw.) occurs in the same locality and at 

 the same time of the year as the beetle Ly cjistopterus ruhripennis 

 (Lee), which it closely res^embles, the former having been captured 

 on June 18, the latter on June 5, 1897, in the Chiricahua Moun- 

 tains, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard. 



Furthermore, the resemblance between the species of the two 

 great sections of the order Lepidoptera — the Ehopalocera and 

 Heterocera — is frequently of the Miillerian rather than the 

 Batesian kind. Thus Sir George Hampson has pointed out that 

 the moth Abraxas etridoides, resembling the butterfly Teracolus 

 etrida, belongs to a specially protected genus, and that similarly 

 three genera of the Chalcosia group of Zyg(snid(S, which are said 

 to resemble Danaine and Papilioniue butterflies, are also extremely 

 distasteful to insect-eating animals (' Nature,' 1898, Feb. 7, 

 p. 361<). Similarly, Mr. Roland Trimen, in his Presidential 

 Address to the Entomological Society (Jan. 19, 1898), points out 

 that the " abundant and extremely conspicuous, slow-flying, 

 diurnal Lithosiid moth Alctis helcita^'' together with its " appa- 

 rently protected analogues the closely similar Lithosiid 



PhcEagarista helcitoides, and Agaristid JEusemia falkensteinii" 

 show great similarity to the group which is headed by Danais 

 chrysippus, — " so that from the aspect of warning of distastef ul- 

 ness to enemies the two sets may be regarded as practically but 



