THE CAUSE OF MIMETIC EESEMBLANCE. 607 



seen on the right side of the figure. The female of the species is 

 shown in Group 1 on Plate 42 and two forms of it in fig. 1 on 

 Plate 44. The female of D. arise lacks, as do all the females of the 

 genus, the chalky patches which are present in the males of many of 

 the species. 

 Fig. 9. About J natural size. The male of Bismorplda arise represented in the 

 same position as that of the male of B. praxinoe in fig. 5, so as to 

 show the under side of the wings. The white patch is distinctly seen 

 on the normally concealed part of the fore wing (right side). 



Plate 41. 

 The diverse methods by which Mimetic Resemblance is attained, often in 

 closely related species. I have been kindly permitted to make use of 

 specimens in the Natural History Museum for obtaining figures 1, 2, 

 5 A, 5 B, and 5 c. The remaining figures representspecimens in the Hope 

 Department. 

 Fig. 1. Natural size. A South-American Hemipterous insect belonging to the 

 genus Myocoris, probably M. hracmiiformis. The usual appearance of 

 a Hemipteron has been profoundly modified so as to produce a super- 

 ficial resemblance to the Aculeate Hymenopteron shown in the next 

 figure. 

 Fig. 2. Natural size. A South-American species of BraconidcB, probably 

 belonging to the genus Iphiaulax, closely resembled by the bug 

 shown in fig. 1. A large assemblage of tropical American insects 

 probably converges round this type of appearance. Already many 

 species of Braconidce and of Hemiptera, together with two species of 

 moths (St/nfamidce), can be recognized. So far, all the members of 

 the assemblage belong to distasteful or specially defended groups, and 

 probably supply an example of Common Warning Colours. 

 Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 show the different methods by which the resemblance to 

 stinging insects (Aculeate Hymenoptera) has been brought about in 

 nearly related Longicorn beetles. 

 Fig. 3. Natural size. A Mediterranean species of Clytin<B, Blagionotus 

 scalaris ; one of many species of the group in which the resemblance 

 to a wasp is produced by the black and yellow bands on the closed 

 elytra, as well as by the slender yellow legs and active movements, &c. 

 In this case the functional wings are concealed, and there is nothing 

 to suggest the wings of the model. In spite of this shortcoming the 

 living species of this group are very wasp-like. The resemblance is 

 carried to a still higher level by very different means in allied tribes 

 of Longicorns. 

 Fig. 4. Natural size. A species of Callichromina from the Oriental Region, 

 viz. l^oihopeus hemipterus. In this beetle the general resemblance to 

 a dark-coloured slender wasp is carried much further than that of 

 Plagionotus (fig. 3) to a black and yellow wasp such as the species of 

 the genus Vesfa. Furthermore the likeness is heightened by the 

 size and conspicuousness of the hind wings of the beetle, which are 



