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SECTION I. 

 Of the White Sandstone — Formation 1. 



Geographical Extent. — This formation, so largely developed 

 in Pennsylvania, in the flanks and even summits of the hills, 

 which constitute the same chain as the Highlands, I have hitherto 

 discovered in only three or four small isolated tracts in New 

 Jersey. The first locality, commencing towards the northeast, 

 is north of the Pequannock, between Long Pond and Macapin 

 Pond. Its position is in a narrow belt of the ancient secondary 

 rocks, which extends for several miles along the confined valley 

 included between the eastern base of the Green Pond Mountain 

 and the primary hills directly east. The first visible mass of the 

 sandstone occurs about two miles north of the farm of Richard 

 Gould, Esq., or about four miles south of Long Pond. The rock 

 here lies near the base of the primary hills. It probably extends 

 southward in a continued belt for several miles beneath the lime- 

 stone (Formation II.) of the same valley, though it does not 

 show itself again until we reach the farm of Mr. Gould, where it 

 is displayed near the head of Macapin Pond, in an interesting 

 exposure, at the base of a ridge of the limestone, dipping beneath 

 that rock at an angle of G0°. 



The next spot at which this stratum reveals itself at the 

 surface, is, in the prolongation of the same valley, and about 

 midway between Flanders and Succasunny Plains. The rock 

 occupies a small low hill, nearly but not exactly in a line with 

 the low ridges which constitute the denuded extremity of the 

 Copperas Mountain at Succasunny. The stratum has evidently 

 sustained extensive denudation, only a patch, not more than a 

 mile in length, of the lower portions of the formations being left 

 in the middle of the valley. The rock is nearly white, very 

 quartzose, and somewhat friable in texture to a considerable 

 depth below the soil, yielding, therefore, a very pure white sand. 



The only remaining locality at present known occurs on the 

 northwestern side of the small ridge of primary strata, which 

 commences a little to the west of Hacketstown, and extends 

 thence southward about four miles. The range of the sandstone, 



