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Secondary or Appalachian System, the next stratum which pre- 

 sents itself, reposing immediately on the limestone, is the slate of 

 the Kittatinny Valley. This rock, as already intimated when 

 tracing the axes of elevation in the limestone, ranges in several 

 long and narrow belts, the limits of which were specified while 

 treating of their position in the synclinal troughs embraced be- 

 tween the upheaved zones of the limestone. Extending our pre- 

 sent enumeration to all the several belts within the State, we 

 have now to include, with those alluded to, the principal tract of 

 the region which occupies the northwestern side of the Kittatinny 

 Valley, throughout its whole length across New Jersey. 



Tracing the limits of these different ranges with as much 

 minuteness as the purposes of a general description render neces- 

 sary, we shall begin, as usual, with those which lie farthest 

 towards the southeast. 



The first is that narrow belt at the Wallkill, about three miles 

 northeast of Deckertown, which runs southvvestward, passing 

 about a mile northwest of Hamburg, and a little southeast of Har- 

 monyvale and Lafayette. It terminates about two miles south- 

 east of Newton in a narrow point. This low ridge of the slate is 

 in many places not more than a fourth of a mile in width, while 

 its length is about fourteen miles. It owes its position and form to 

 its occupying the long synclinal axis included between the anti- 

 clinal axes of Pochuck and of Harmonyvale. Its beds dip 

 from each margin at a gentle angle towards the centre of the 

 tract. 



Proceeding to the southwest, we meet two other narrow bands 

 of slate, nearly in the prolongation of that already mentioned. 

 One of these commences a little east of Reading's Pond, and 

 extends, passing directly west of Greenville, almost to Sink Pond. 

 The other lies in a parallel position at a short distance to the 

 northwest, the two being separated by a narrow valley of the 

 limestone, where that formation has been elevated along an anti- 

 clinal axis. Each of these little belts of slate takes the form of a 

 low synclinal ridge. 



Another somewhat larger belt, of nearly similar breadth, com- 

 mences at Johnsonburg, and ranges past Hope, where it deflects 

 a little, extending to the village of Beaver Brook, near which it 



