103 



be well adapted to some of the purposes of a building stone, 

 though their great hardness, and the difficulty in shaping these 

 rocks, must restrict their usefulness chiefly to those objects where 

 very massive or rough structures possessing great strength are 

 intended. 



The white quartzose conglomerate of this range in New York, 

 is used for making mill-stones, which consist each of a single 

 block. They are principally made at Esopus, the rock being 

 taken from that part of the Kittatinny called the Shawunkunk 

 Mountain, where the quartzose conglomerate is in great perfec- 

 tion. It is reputed to be well adapted for the purpose. As strata 

 of the very same aspect and composition occur abundantly on 

 the northwestern flank of the mountain in various portions of its 

 range through Sussex, little doubt can be entertained that were 

 the means of transportation as convenient as at Esopus, this 

 application of the conglomerate would claim attention in New 

 Jersey. 



Throughout this State the formation before us is singularly 

 destitute of useful ores or minerals. In a high valley, a little 

 northeast of the Delaware Water Gap, between the two ridges 

 which here form the general summit of the mountain, a small 

 body of very excellent hsematitic iron ore has been found, not 

 showing, however, any indications of an abundance. 



Red Sandstone and Shale of the northwestern base of the Kittatinny 

 Mountain, Formation V. 



Geographical Range. — Immediately overlying the formation 

 just described, and occupying the valley at the northwestern 

 base of the same mountain, upon the flank of which it sometimes 

 rises to a considerable elevation, occurs a thick and somewhat 

 varied formation, consisting of red and variegated sandstones 

 and shales. 



The general range of these rocks is, of course, in a belt 

 parallel with the mountain, from the Delaware Water Gap to 

 Carpenter's Point, where they enter the State of New York. 

 Between the Water Gap and Wallpack Bend they occupy the 

 narrow zone which separates the base of the mountain from the 

 river ; but, northeast of the Bend, they follow in a rather wider 



