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termination, there is a quarry from which much good building 

 stone has been procured, though the rock is rather thin bedded. 

 Notwithstanding, that it is in almost immediate contact with the 

 trap of the Hook Mountain, the sandstone appears in this place 

 to have undergone very little change from igneous action, nor 

 is the usual northwest dip disturbed. 



West of the Hook Mountain, between Parcipany and Mont- 

 ville, and again at Montville, we find the red shale and sandstone 

 formation retaining its prevailing aspect and direction of dip. 

 At Montville, it is overlaid by a coarse heterogeneous conglo- 

 merate, composed of very loosely cohering fragments. 



The somewhat diversified character assumed by the shale and 

 sandstone, near its contact with the variegated calcareous 

 conglomerate of Pompton, near Ryerson's, has already been 

 described in sufficient detail. Beyond this last named point to 

 the State line, these rocks are occasionally exposed, but with no 

 peculiarities of composition or structure demanding from us any 

 special description. 



The district east of the Ramapo river, for several miles is 

 extensively overspread with diluvial matter, imbedding nume- 

 rous bowlders of primary rocks, the whole having evidently come 

 from the elevated belt of primary hills and mountains, composing 

 the broad chain of the Highlands lying to the west and north. 



Variegated Calcareous Conglomerates. 



Description and Geographical range. — This heterogeneous 

 though well characterized rock, may be regarded as a distinct 

 formation from the group of red shales and sandstones beneath 

 it, being the result of a wholly diflerent train of physical causes. 

 It constitutes the uppermost member of the middle secondary 

 series, overlying the red shale along its northwestern margin, not 

 in a continuous belt, but in several insulated patches that range in 

 one general line, near the foot of the primary hills. In almost 

 every portion of its range, the materials of this rock are extremely 

 heterogeneous, consisting of pebbles or water-worn masses of all 

 sizes, from that of a man's head down to that of a small pea, 

 belonging to most of the older formations discovered in the region. 

 A large portion of this very motley mass is made up of variously 



