225 



ascertain and trace its numerous detached beds, so as to repre- 

 sent their place and extent upon the map. It is obvious that the 

 topography of the map of the State is not sufficiently minute for 

 such a purpose ; and it is equally manifest, that the task, however 

 useful, would far exceed ihe scope and time allotted to this 

 general survey. Though I am not able therefore to specify all 

 the localities of this rock, which indeed are very numerous, it 

 may be useful to mention that the higher the ground the more 

 likely we are to find it in mass, and that it is by no means con- 

 fined to the distinctly formed hills, but occurs extensively in the 

 more elevated parts of the intermediate country. We may state, 

 moreover, that the larger and viore angular are the loose frag- 

 ments scattered around, the greater is the probability, that the 

 rock exists in a solid stratum near at hand. The rock consists 

 of two varieties, the one a coarse sandstone, the grains of quartz 

 being cemented by brown oxide of iron, which colours the 

 whole mass; and the other a similar sandstone, containing in 

 addition, small white or yellowish pebbles of quartz, giving it the 

 character of a puddingstone. In many instances, I have found 

 the finer grained variety to lie beneath the other, but whether 

 this be a universal rule or not, I cannot say. 



The most conspicuous of the detached hills containing the two 

 ferruginous strata before us, are : 



The Nevesink range, on the southern shore of Sandy Hook 

 bav; the ranoje south and southeast of Middletown; the two 

 isolated hills near Red Bank ; those near Colt's Neck ; the Sand 

 Hills, between New Brunswick and Kingston; Mount Holly; 

 Arney's Mount, near Juliustown ; the Evesham Mount ; the hill 

 at the mouth of Shark river; and the Forked River Hills, near 

 Barnagat. 



Besides these localities there are several others where the 

 brown sandstone, the uppermost of the series, occurs at an eleva- 

 tion but little exceeding that of the general surface of the district. 

 One of these points is about four miles from Burlington, on the 

 road to Mount Holly. 



The ordinary condition of the yellow ferruginous sand is that 

 of a loose, dry, and rather coarse sand, deeply stained by the 

 hyd rated peroxide of iron. This ingredient is sufficiently abun- 

 dant in some places to act as a cement to the sand, and to form 



