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lower dark astringent stratum is seen at the water's edge, the 

 piles in the foundation of the wharf, in front of the Telegraph 

 Tavern being driven into it. Some portion of this bed is said to 

 be marl, and the green grains abound every where among the 

 sands of the beach, as they do at Long Branch, a few miles more 

 to the south, and indeed the whole way from the commencement 

 of the Nevcsinks along the bay shore, and along the sea-shore 

 to Deal. 



Tracing the cliffs round the Telegraph Point to the mouth of 

 the Nevesink river, the lower or marl-bearing strata, are covered 

 by a steep talus or inclined bank of fallen matter at the base of 

 the cliff, reaching thirty or forty feet up. Above, are the yellow 

 sands covered by a layer of the cellular iron stone several feet in 

 thickness, being beautifully displayed at the Devil's Chimney. 

 Above this there is a very ferruginous, brownish, consolidated 

 sandstone, full of impressions or casts of shells, especially ostrea 

 falcata. It seems to be a more ferruginous portion of the stratum. 

 A little above this, at the height of eighty or ninety feet, is a bed 

 a few feet thick, of a bright green clay, consisting apparcntl}' of 

 the same material as the light green variety of the marl, but not 

 in a granular condition ; it includes a few indistinct light green 

 grains. Over this again and towards the top of the hill, the frag- 

 ments of the conglomerate abound, and there is every reason to 

 believe that all the hills near the mouth of Nevesink river, are 

 capped by the conglomerate in place. 



Along the north bank of the Nevesink river, at Mr. Harts- 

 horn's, the stratum which is on a level with the beach is the 

 copperas-bearing dark clay and sand. It has been found by him 

 to be hurtful to the soil when applied thick, but as it contains a 

 very considerable share of the green grains, it is probable that 

 applied in lighter dressings, it might prove somewhat beneficial. 



There is no good marl from the mouth of Nevesink river up as 

 high as Clai/pit creek, above which as far as its head, the marl 

 extends on the north side and is generally very good. The other 

 or astringent stratum below the marl, sometimes takes its place 

 in the banks on the water's edge. 



Ascending the Nevesink river, no good marl occurs below the 

 west side of Burgis's or Claypit creek, where it is of excellent 

 quality; from thence to the next, or Redneck creek, the impure 



