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astringent kind prevails ; on the west of the creek, the bed at the 

 water's edge is again the true marl, being like Burgis's. The 

 deleterious bed contains much ordinary sand and mica, abounding 

 also in oxide and sulphuret of iron, and seems to be in fact the 

 same stratum as that upon the bay shore under the Greenland 

 banks, in the Nevesinks. 



We may trace the marl to Crow's creek ; approaching which 

 it becomes very green and good. Here and farther east it lies 

 below the layer of nodular indurated marl seen on the bay shore, 

 on the top of which is the micaceous sandy bed containing cop- 

 peras. In one place on the very beach, the marl has been dug 

 and exported to Barnegat, for sixty-eight cents for the load of 

 twenty bushels. 



On drying this marl, it assumes a light-green colour. The 

 spurious bed almost invariably presents the yellow astringent 

 efflorescence, and is evidently a different layer from the good 

 marl; and there seems to be no good reason to doubt that this 

 shore if examined, would every where display both beds; the as- 

 tringent clay above, the nodules next, and below all, the pure 

 greensand marl. 



The reason that the banks of the Nevesink river display some- 

 times the true marl, and at others the dark astringent clay, seems 

 to be, that there occurs a slight undulation of the strata. Some 

 have thought them portions of the same stratum, shading into 

 each other upon the same level. The above view is the correct 

 one, and is important, as it indicates the possibility of reaching 

 marl almost any where by sinking to a very small depth. 



Red Banh. — In this neighbourhood the banks of the river vary 

 in elevation from ten to twenty feet and upwards. On the north 

 side, near the bridge, on the land of Mr. Tylee Conover, the 

 bank presents a bed of diluvium four feet thick, the l(jwer part of 

 which is tinged with oxide of iron. Beneath this lies the upper 

 layer of the marl, eiglit feet in thickness, consisting of a mixture 

 of very tenacious clay and greensand. Resting directly below 

 this, and nearly on a level with the tide, occurs the main bed of 

 marl, forming the beach of the river. It is composed almost 

 entirely of the greensand, the extraneous matter being merely a 

 little wfiite siliceous sand and clay. Excavations to the depth of 

 several feet are made at the retiring of the tide, and the marl 



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