Mr. 'turner on Crimes and Punijhments. 313 



11. But in the JubjeSfs of punifhment we (hall 

 find a much greater difagreementj and indeed 

 the furfojes of moral and political government 

 are fo different, that we may naturally expedt it. 

 The purpofe of the former is,v/c train up rational 

 beings to the higbejl moral ferfeclion ; moral adions, 

 therefore, alone, muft be fubjedl to its laws, which 

 are calculated to obtain their end, by holding out 

 rewards for actions proceeding from a good prin- 

 ciple, and punifliments for thofe which arife from 

 a bad one. The purpofe of human governments, 

 on the other hand, is merely the prejervation of its 

 various advantages to the fever al individuals of the 

 Jlate ; and therefore, thofe actions which tend to 

 interrupt the enjoyment of thefe advantages, by 

 difturbing the peace and good order of fociety, 

 are the only fubjeds of human laws. 



This diftinclion alfo neceffarily arifes from 

 the different powers of the judges, as well as 

 from the different ends of the inftitutions. For 

 fince all things are open to the Deity, fo that 

 he can difcover. not only the anions, but even 

 the moft fecret thoughts of men, he is a proper 

 judge with refpe<fl to the fpring or principle of 

 any adlion. But fince the wifefr human legi^ 

 flator cannot undertake to determine, with cer- 

 tainty, the motives which have led to the per- 

 formance of any adlion, he muft not pretend to 

 punifh according to their moral enormity j but 

 he is an adecjuate judge of the political benefit or 



harm 



