286 THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CRAYFISH. 



are allied. Given one of those protoplasmic bodies, of 

 which we are unable to say certainlj^ w'hether it is animal 

 or plant, and endow it with such inherent capacities of 

 self-modification as are manifested dail}^ under our ej-es 

 by developing ova, and we have a sufficient reason for 

 the existence of an}^ plant, or of any animal. 



This is the great result of comparative morphology; 

 and it is carefully to be noted that this result is not a 

 speculation, but a generalisation. The truths of anatomy 

 and of embryology are generalised statements of facts 

 of experience ; the question whether an animal is more 

 or less like another in its structure and in its develop- 

 ment, or not, is capable of being tested b}^ observation ; 

 the doctrine of the unity of organisation of plants and 

 animals is simply a mode of stating the conclusions 

 drawn from experience. But, if it is a just mode of 

 stating these conclusions, then it is undoubtedly con- 

 ceivable that all plants and all animals may have been 

 evolved from a common physical basis of life, by pro- 

 cesses similar to those which we every day see at work 

 in the evolution of individual animals and plants from 

 that foundation. 



That which is conceivable, however, is by no means 

 necessarily true ; and no amount of purely morpho- 

 logical evidence can suffice to prove that the forms 

 of life have come into existence in one way rather 

 than another. 



There is a common plan among churches, no less than 



