78 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
[2nd 8, No d., Jaw. 26. °56, 
the same ambicuity of expression which exists in 
26 Geo. II. c. 33., is repeated in 4 Geo. IV. ec. 76., 
yet the publication of banns after the Second 
Lesson has oftentimes been found to be very con- 
venient, as it enables the parties, immediately 
after the third publication, to be then married in 
the face of the whole congregation, — a proceeding 
which I myself have frequently witnessed. Now, 
if the publication were deferred until after the 
reading of the Nicene Creed, the parties could not 
be married on that day, as the solemnization of 
the marriage could not take place during the 
canonical hours, 7.e. between 8 a.m. and 12 at 
noon. 
Cripps, in his book on Ecclesiastical Law, has 
made a strange blunder on this subject. At 
p- 642. he states that, — 
“ By the Rubric it is ordered that the banns of all that 
are to be married together, must be published in the 
church, three several Sundays or holidays, in the time of 
divine service, immediately after the sentences for the Offer= 
tory.” 
And in a foot-note he refers us to the Rubric in 
Office of Matrimony. That this is no typogra- 
phical error, or one of mere inadvertence on the 
part of the author, is thus shown. After the 
above, he proceeds to speak of the alteration, made 
by statute, ordaining the publication to take place 
after the Second Lesson. And he thereunto 
appends this foot-note : 
«It may probably be inferred from this alteration that 
it was not customary at that time to read the sentences 
of the Offertory generally on every Sunday.” 
It is quite clear, therefore, that he fully be- 
lieved that the ordained time for the publication 
of banns was after the sentences in the Offertory ; 
whereas the slightest attention to the Rubric 
would have told him that the publication was to 
take place after the Nicene Creed, and before the 
sermon, and consequently before the aforemen- 
tioned sentences. ANon. 
“ On Tuesday morning, which happened to be a holiday, 
she went to church, where, to her surprise, Mr. Adams 
published the banns again with as audible a voice as 
before. It was lucky for her that, as there was no sermon, 
she had an immediate opportunity of returning home to 
vent her rage, which she could not have concealed from 
the congregation five minutes.” — Adventures of Joseph 
Andrews, bk. ty. ch. iy. 
The above shows the practice of publishing the 
banns during the Communion Service ; but is the 
novelist accurate in representing them to be pub- 
lished on a holiday ? K. M. 
+ 
It may illustrate this subject to state that the 
Rubrie quoted from the Oxford Prayer Book of 
1745 is retained verbatim in all the Prayer Books 
of the Irish branch of the United Church, and 
that the practice is in accordance with it; banns 
of matrimony being published immediately after 
the Nicene Creed during Morning Service. B. 
x 
NAPHTHALINE. 
(24 §, i, 12.) 
Puospritos must reckon upon having his lights 
put out several times a year so long as he permits - 
the gas-fitter to come and go, with his many 
tools, without being required to give an account 
of his doings. The supply-pipe being “ choked 
with naphthaline,” is part of the gas-fitter’s “ pre- 
serve,” as much so as a wood or coppice, of ten or 
twenty acres, is for other kinds of game. . 
Naphthaline is a cause of great anxiety and 
trouble to some of the manufacturers of gas. It 
is very irregular in its habits, sometimes pre- 
senting itself when least expected, and at others 
staying away when every preparation has been 
made for its arrival. Under ordinary circum- 
stances it constitutes one of the many forms of 
hydro-carbon vapour present in coal-gas. So 
long as it retains that form it is useful, helping to 
increase the illuminating properties of the gas. 
It is present, in greater or less proportions, in 
probably all kinds of coal-gas; but its tendency 
to separate, and assume a solid form, is dependent 
on some particular qualities of the coal. Sudden 
and extreme changes of temperature are favour- 
able to the crystallisation of naphthaline. It is 
not, however, when the temperature of the atmo- 
sphere falls, but when it suddenly rises, that 
mains and service-pipes are most commonly 
choked. Ihave long been an observer of such 
matters. When the atmosphere is highly charged 
with electricity, the deposit of naphthaline is greater 
in a few hours than at other times in many weeks, 
or even months. , 
When gas passes from a comparatively warm 
main to a cold service-pipe, especially if the latter 
be exposed to the direct influence of the atmo- 
sphere, the conditions are favourable to the crys- 
tallisation of naphthaline. So also if the velocity 
of the current of gas be increased by being forced 
through a small aperture — or if there be a burr 
(rough edge) at the junction of the pipes, any- 
thing, in fact, to act as a nucleus — there is 
greater probability of an obstruction at such 
places than any others. If the meter be in an 
exposed situation, the sudden setting in of cold 
weather will be likely to cause a choking, by 
naphthaline, at some of the unions; helped forward, 
no doubt, by galvanic action of the different 
metals, lead, brass, and iron. In such cases the- 
tubing and meter should be protected by hay or 
matting, or pieces of old carpeting. 
From these hints I hope Prosruiros, and others 
interested, will be able not only to discover the 
