218 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
' [20d §, No 11., Man. 15.56. 
Adalbert, Archbishop of Hamburgh, was distin- 
guished alike for his ability and ambition, and 
his fervent zeal to subjugate kings and nations to 
the Church. By whom Bishop William, the first, 
was appointed does not appear. The Icelandic 
annals make his death in 1168 ; and be was bishop, 
according to the Saga, sixty-six years, which 
would make his entry to the bishopric in 1102. 
Lund was erected into an archbishopric by Pope 
Paschal II., dating 1099 to 1118, at the request 
of Erick the Good, King of Denmark, whose 
reign dates 1095 to 1103; and Drontheim is said 
to have been erected into an archbishop’s see by 
Eugenius III., who became Pope in 1145. Upsal 
dates 1163. The bishopric of Orkney was in the 
diocese of the archbishopric of Drontheim, till 
Orkney came under the dominion of Scotland in 
1468 ; when it was transferred from Drontheim 
to the Scottish archbishopric of St. Andrews, 
Ralph Nowell; who, from the date, must have 
been the Rodolfus, Bishop of Orkney, witness of 
a charter of David I. of Scotland. Of this vagrant 
bishop, as Lord Hailes calls him, the continuator 
of Florence of Worcester thus speaks : 
“ Radulphus quoniam nec principis terra, nec cleri, nec 
plebis electione, vel assensw fuerat ordinatus, ab omnibus 
refutatus, et in loco pontificis a nemine susceptus est. 
Hie quia nullius Episcopus urbis erat, modo Eboracensi, 
modo Dunholmensi, adherens, ab eis sustentabatur, et 
Vicarius utriusque in episcopalibus ministeriis habebatur.” 
— Quoted, Dalrymple’s Annals, 4to., vol. i. p. 73. 
Neither does Torfeus think that any of the 
Orkney bishops appointed by the Archbishop of 
York inhabited Orkney. It may have been in 
the appointment of the early bishops of Orkney, 
as Adam of Bremen tells us it was in his time, the 
twelfth century, in Norway and Sweden. On ac- 
count of the new planting of Christianity, “et pro 
rara Christianitate,” bishops were not named for a 
particular district, but elected by the king or the 
people ; each bishop built a church, converted as 
many as he could to Christianity, and governed 
them without jealousy as long as he lived. 
Earl Thorfin, in his old age, journeyed to Rome ; 
and on his return, laying aside piracy, and de- 
voting himself to religion and the peaceful admi- - 
nistration of his earldom, he lived principally at 
Birsay, and at this house he built Christ’s Kirk. 
He had applied to the Archbishop of Hamburgh 
for a spiritual teacher, and William is said to have 
been bishop in 1102. I am disposed to believe 
that he was appointed by the Archbishop of Ham- 
burgh. Lund was certainly in existence at that 
time, but Drontheim was not erected into an 
archbishop’s see till later in the same century. 
The archbishops of York’s claim of supremacy 
over all Scotland may account for their nomina- 
tion of bishops to Orkney. I offer the foregoing 
as some Notes on an obscure subject, W. H. F. 
Kirkwall. 
THE DE WITS: TICHELAAR, ETC. 
(24 8. i, 85. 155.) 
Allow me to propose for the consideration of 
your correspondent H. B. C., to whom your 
readers are indebted for so many interesting Notes 
upon the De Wits, the passage in Van der Hoe- 
ven's Biography of the brothers (Amsterdam, 
1705, two vols. 4to.), which gives a different 
version of the episode of the pastor. 
I annex my attempt at a translation of the 
passage, with the statement from Sir J. Mackin- 
tosh’s History, for comparison : 
(From the Dutch of E. Van der Hoeven, vol. ii. p. 419.) 
“ Thus were their corpses suspended by the feet, high 
up the gibbet, and the chief of the hangmen put the 
question to a certain ecclesiastical personage, who had 
been a witness of this incomparably cruel tragedy, ‘ Do- 
mine hangense hoog genoeg’ — ‘Domine! do they hang 
high enough? Upon which one of the bystanders called 
out, ‘ Ween, hangt die grootste Schelm noch een Sport hooger,’ 
— ‘No! hang the greatest villain another step higher.’ 
Thereupon this ecclesiastical personage, who had formerly 
preached in the pulpit with great bitterness against John 
de Wit, got into such an agitation, that pulling his hat 
over his eyes he ran thence, and his qualms obliged him 
to go and drink a glass of wine.” 
(From Mackintosh’s History of England, 7th volume, 
Cab. Cyclo.) 
“The disfigured remains were hung on a gallows by 
the heels. The person who acted the part of hangman, 
observing the pastor of the Hague, said, ‘ M. le Ministre 
sont ils assez hauts?’ ‘ Non,’ replied the minister of the 
Gospel, ‘ pendez ce grand coquin un echélon plus haut.’ ” 
It would certainly be more agreeable to believe 
that a bystander (as in Van der Hoeven’s nar- 
rative), and not a pastor, responded to the awful 
pleasantry of the hangman; and were there no 
other reason to doubt the different version, the 
latter would still be open to question from the 
incongruity of its putting French words into the 
mouths of a Dutch mob. 7 
Besides the minute details of the torture and 
massacre of the De Wits, Van der Hoeven’s re- 
marks inform us as regards the after fate and re- 
tribution of Tichelaar, that in 1705 this wretched 
individual was living at the Hague in beggary and 
scorn. This corroborates the result of H. B. C.’s 
researches on the subject. Frep. Henprixs. 
ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN, 
(2 S. i. 151.) 
The usage, of which your correspondent com- 
plains, began at the commencement of the present 
century. But with whom it began, or in what 
place of education it was first adopted, it would 
be difficult to say. I believe it was first esta- 
blished at the Charter House, where it is carried 
somewhat farther than at other schools, 
— 
