gad §, No 13,, Mar. 29. °56.] 
LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 29, 1854, 
Aotes. 
NOTES ON THE FLEUR-DE-LIS. 
(Continued from p. 226.) 
Having thus traced the occurrence of the fleur- 
de-lis through many periods of antiquity, we may 
now proceed to the history of its adoption in 
France. 
Montfaucon, in his Discours Preliminaire, says : 
“Ce fut Louis VII. dit le Jeune (A.p. 1137) qui chargea 
Veeu de France de fleurs-de-lis sans nombre, et a son 
imitation, les seigneurs et gentilhommes du royaume pri- 
rent aussi des armoiries.” 
But this does not appear to be strictly correct ; 
for in the first Crusades under Philip I, (1096 — 
1100), these insignia were, as will hereafter ap- 
pear, borne on the shields of many of his com- 
panions in arms. If, moreover, it were true that 
this king, who flourished during the second Cru- 
sade, and died 1180, and his suceessors, Philip II. 
(his son) and Louis VIII. (his grandson), are the 
first whose seals and coins are “semez de fleur- 
de-lis” (10 whole, 6 half, and 4 quarters), the 
ornament itself, as has been shown, had already 
appeared in the crowns and sceptres of many of 
their predecessors. 
According to Pere Anselme, Carloman, who 
died a.p. 755, and his brother Pepin, who was 
crowned a.p. 752, founded the’ Abbey of Fulda 
in Germany. “Les estampes,” he says, ‘ de leur 
deux figures,” in the church Mont St. Pierre, a 
monastery dependent on the Abbey of Fulda, 
show, in the right hand of each, a short sceptre, 
terminated by a sharp and pointed “fer,” the 
middle part being larger than the point; “avec 
deux crochets au bas, recourbez en demi crois- 
sant,” “en ancon, ou Francisque,” imperfectly 
resembling a fleur-de-lis (vol. i, p. 24.). 
A Bible presented to Charles IL, a.v. 869., has 
a miniature of this monarch and his court. His 
throne is terminated with three flowers of the 
form of “fleur-de-lis sans pied,’ On his head is 
a crown, “fermée a fleurons d’or, relevez et re~ 
courbez d’une maniére singuliére.” Another 
miniature, in the Book of Prayers, shows him on 
a throne surmounted by a sort of “fleur-de-lis 
sans pied.” His crown is of “fleurs comme de 
lis ;” and the robe is fastened with a rose, “ d’ot 
sortent trois pistils en forme de fleurs-de-lis.” His 
sceptre terminates in a fleur-de-lis (Ans., vol. i. 
83.). 
Of Louis If., and the eight succeeding sove- 
reigns (a.p. 879—954.), there is no memorial 
which assigns them the use of this ornament. 
The sceptre of Lothaire, who died 986, termi- 
nates in a fleur-de-lis. 
The crown of Hugh Capet, in the church of 
St. Denis, is formed of fleurs-de-lis, as is also that 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
245 
on his seal (Ans.,70.). The crown of Robert, 
who died 1031, has fleurs-de-lis, as in that of his 
father. 
The crown of Henry I. (died 1060) is composed 
of fleurs-de-lis, like that at the top of his sceptre ; 
and their forms are more distinct than before, 
“‘de méme que dans les sceaux des rois ses suc- 
cesseurs.” That of Philip I. (died 1108) is the 
same. 
Louis VII. (born 1120) was, according to Pere 
Anselme (vol. i. p. 76.), the first who bore tlie 
fleurs-de-lis “‘semez” on his seals and coins ; and 
Montfaucon, as above, affirms that he first charged 
the shield of France with fleurs-de-lis “sans 
nombre,” His arms were, * d’azur, semé de fleurs- 
de-lis” (10 whole, 6 half, 4 quarter flowers). 
Philip II. is known only in his seal (Montf., 
vol. ii, p. 110. pl. xiii.), He is seated’on a throne, 
haying in his right hand a fleur-de-lis ; and, in his 
left, a seeptre “ terminé, comme celui de son pére 
par un losange qui renferme un fleur-de-lis,” 
This plate is very distinctive of the charge. 
The first known “ contreseel” having a fleur-de- 
lis, was of this monarch. 
The “blason” of his son, the Conte de Bou- 
logne (born 1200), was “tunique d’azur, chargée 
de fleurs-de-lis sans nombre” (p.112.). He ap- 
pears, also, “‘armé de cap-a-pied, portant l’ecu 
de France” (14 very perfect fleurs-de-lis). 
In the same plate are other instances of “ tuni- 
ques” and shields charged with fleurs-de-lis of a 
very perfect form. 
The shield of Louis VIII. (p. 120.) bears 5 whole 
and 6 half flowers. 
The sons and daughters of St. Louis IX. (born 
1226) are “‘ revetus de blason semée de fleurs-de- 
lis.” But in plate xxiii. tom. ii. p. 158., where 
St. Louis “ instruit ses enfans,” his shield, for the 
Jirst time, bears three fleurs-de-lis (2 and 1). 
Philip IIL. and Charles V. bore them as Philip IT. 
Charles de France, son of Charles V. (died 
1386), first quarters the dolphin with three fleurs- 
de-lis, as Dauphin de Viennois. His sister, 
youngest daughter of Charles V. and of Jeanne 
de Bourbon (died 1388), bore “ d’azur a trois 
fleurs-de-lis d’or.” Charles VI. continued the 
charge of three fleurs-de-lis which he had assumed 
as Dauphin. We have seen that it had been 
already once adopted by St. Louis. 
Charles VII. and Louis XI. bore only three 
fleurs-de-lis. 
Charles VIII. quartered, 1st and 4th, three 
fleurs-de-lis; 2nd and 38rd, one large and four 
small crosses for Jerusalem. 
Louis XII, Francis L., Henry IL, Francis II., 
Charles Maximilian, all bore three fleurs-de-lis, 
Henry Ul., Louis XIV.—XV., quartered the 
same with the arms of Navarre. 
The Annuaire de la Pairie et de la Noblesse de 
France et des Maisons Souveraines de Europe, 
