416 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
[294 S, No 21., May 24. °56, 
vester Petra Sancta of the Society of Jesuits. 
He published his invention in his Symbola He- 
roica, small 4to., at Antwerp, in 1634. His great 
heraldic work, Tessere Gentilitie, he published 
in folio at Rome in 1638. I possess both these 
works. Both are rare: the Tessere extremely 
so. I could not find the Tessere in the British 
Museum. It has never occurred, to my know- 
ledge, in any English catalogue. And some years 
ago, on inquiry at Payne and Foss’s, and at 
Thorpe’s, and elsewhere, I found that no book- 
seller to whom I applied had ever so much as 
heard of it. I got my copy at a sale in Rome in 
1848. 
The earliest English book in which I have seen 
the invention of Father Silv. Petra Sancta used 
is Byshe’s edition of the three treatises, Sir Henry 
Spelman’s Aspilogia, Upton de Studio Militari, 
and a treatise by De Bado Aureo in one volume. 
This was published in 1656 or 1658. I have not 
the book at hand: but it may be seen in the Bod- 
leian, where also, I think, there is a copy of the 
Tessere. ‘The engravings, each coat being from 
a separate copper plate, are admirably executed 
in the Tessere and in Byshe’s volume. 
Father Silv. Petra Sancta was also the author 
of spiritual works. DePi 
Begbrook, 
“Né a Rome en 1590, mourut 4 Rome en 1647.” — Vid. 
Biblioth. des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, par MM. 
Backer, tom. i, p, 562, 
‘Adueve. 
Dublin. 
POPULAR NAMES OF LIVE-STOCK. 
(29 §. i. 291.) 
Vincent having broached the subject of the 
appellations given to live stock on farms in “N. 
& Q.,” it may not prove uninteresting to its 
readers to complete the list as used in Scotland, 
with the request that some of your agricultural 
readers may do the same for England. 
Cattle. — The sire of the ox tribe is a bull, the 
dam a cow. Their progeny when newborn is a 
calf, the male being a bull-calf, the female a quey- 
calf, heifer-calf, or cow-calf': the bull-calf cas- 
trated is a stot-calf, and the quey-calf whose 
ovaries have been obliterated is a spayed-heifer or 
spuyed-quey. In the second year both young male 
and female are stirks, or the male is a steer or 
stot, and the female a guey or heifer, and both 
sexes are yearlings. In the third year the steer or 
stot is an oz. Beyond that time the dull is aged, 
the heifer assumes the name of cow, and the ox is 
still an ox, A castrated bull is a segg. An ox 
without horns is dodded or humbled. A cow or 
heifer that has received the bull is served or 
bulled, and the cow or quey is then in calf, or are 
in-calvers. A cow that suffers abortion, slips 
her calf. A cow that cannot be impregnated 
misses calf. A cow that slips or misses calf is then 
an eill-cow. When a cow goes dry of milk she is 
a geld-cow. A cow giving milk is a milk or milch 
cow. When two calves are born at one birth, 
they are twins, when three, trins. A quey calf of 
twins of bull and quey calves is a free martin, and 
never produces young, but exhibits no marks of a 
hybrid. The male of the twins breeds. Whether 
the quey of three at a birth with two bull calves 
breeds or is barren is unknown. Query, can she, 
or can she not, produce young? Cattle, black 
cattle, horned cattle, and neat cattle, are all generic 
terms for the ox tribe. Beast is a synonyme of 
cattle. 
Sheep. — The sire of sheep is a ram or tup, the 
dam a ewe. The new born sheep is a lamb, and 
retains that name until weaned from its mother. 
It is a tup-lamb or ram-lamb when a male, a ewe- 
lamb when a female; the tup-lamb when cas- 
trated is a hogg-lamb. After a lamb has been 
weaned, until shorn of its first fleece, it is a hogg 
(not hog, with a single g, which is a name belong- 
ing to swine), a tup-hoge, ewe-hogg, or wether- 
hogg. After the removal of the first fleece the 
tup-hogg becomes a shearling-tup, the ewe-hogg a 
gimmer, and the wether-hoge a dinmont. Hence 
Scott’s character of Dandy Dinmont. When the 
second fleece has been removed, the ewe-hogg 
becomes a ewe, if she is in lamb; but if not, she is 
a barren gimmer ; and if never have been put to 
the ram, a eild-gimmer: the shearling tup be- 
comes a two shear tup, and the dinmont a wether. 
A ewe three times shorn is a ¢winter ewe, and when 
four times shorn, an aged ewe: when it ceases to 
breed it is a draft-ewe, when it fails to be in lamb 
it is a tup-eill or barren-ewe, and when dry of 
milk a geld-ewe. A gimmer unfit for breeding is 
a draft-gimmer, and lambs, dinmonts, and wethers, 
drafted out of fat or young stock, are sheddings, 
tails, or drafts. 
Horses. —The sire of horses is a stallion, or 
entire horse, the dam a mare. A new born horse 
is a foal, and a male is a colt-foal, a female a filly- 
foal ; after being weaned they are simply colt or 
filly. A colt remaining as it was born is an entire 
colt, when castrated a gelding or horse, and the 
filly assumes the name of mare, whether it is al- 
lowed to procreate or not. A mare when served 
is said to be covered or stinted to a stallion, and on 
bearing a foal she is ever after a brood mare. 
When failing to be in foal she is a barren or eill- 
mare, and when dry of milk a geld-mare. 
Swine. — The sire of swine is a boar or brawn, 
the dam a sow. When new born swine are called 
sucking-pigs, or simply pigs ; the males being boar 
pigs, the females sow pigs. A castrated male pig 
is a hog or shot, a female pig whose ovaries have 
ee 
