gnd §, No 21., May 24. °56.] 
been removed is a cut sow-pig, and a castrated 
boar is a brawner. A female pig that has never 
been cut is an open sow. A sow that has taken 
the boar is lined, and after her first pigs she be- 
comes a brood sow, and the pigs she brings forth 
atone birth is a liter or farrow of pigs. While 
young pigs are called porkers or porklings, and 
when more than a year old they are fit for being 
made into ham. Henry STEPHENS, 
— 
Vincent will find a great deal of curious inform- 
ation on cadéle and the etymologies of their names by 
consulting several popular Dictionaries and agri- 
cultural works extant. In different districts of 
the country many of these accounts will, however, 
be found conflicting from the adopting of different 
rules, views, and practices, one place from another. 
In Scotch pastoral districts, such as those with 
which I have been acquainted, a lamb when 
“Jambed” in the early part of the year is so, till 
Candlemas of the following year. It is then a hog 
for a year, and at two years old is a gimmer, after- 
wards passing into the sheep or ewe till the end of 
its life. In the larger cattle, after a time of up- 
bringing, the calves become queys, which name is 
indiscriminate, whether to the male or female. 
Then there are of various ages the milk cow, the 
stirk (generally the rising bull), the stot, and the 
heifer. Of the last the cut and the splayed heifer 
as may be intended for fattening or labour, and so 
_ of several other distinctions. 
That the appellations of cattle have also given 
rise to the names of men, is not more curious than 
what have been woven into nomenclature from 
trades, occupations, &c. Some persons glory in 
such as Mr. Sheep, and Mr. Hogg. I have not 
yet heard of a Mr. Ox, but a whole nation are not 
ashamed to be called John Bull. Gade 
HIGGINBOTTOM FAMILY. 
(2™ S. i. 268.) 
“Can you, or any of your kind contributors, 
supply me with information respecting the Higgin- 
bottom family ?” 
In answer, it appears the Higginbottoms ori- 
ginally came from Germany. Lower, in his Es- 
says on Family Nomenclature, says, the English 
name Higginbottom is a corruption of the Ger- 
man “ Icken-baum —an oak tree.” The family 
erest is “a dexter and sinister arm shooting an 
arrow from a bow, all ppr.” 
My deceased father, John Higginbottom, gen- 
tleman, of Ashton-under-Lyne, informed me that 
our family came from Hayfield, in Derbyshire, and 
its neighbourhood to reside in Ashton-under- 
Lyne. From this intelligence I procured through 
the medium of a friend some particulars of the 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
417 
family, extracted from the Hayfield Register from 
its commencement in 1666. It appeared at that 
early period, that the family were located there, 
as there is an agreement between Mellor and 
Hayfield on the one hand, and Glossop on the 
other, signed by nine persons, one of the signatures 
being “ Ralph Higginbottom.” 
In the register the spelling of the name in the 
same family is various: “Elickingbottom,” “ Heg- 
inbottom,” and “ Higginbottom,” evidently all 
from one common stock. 
The register extends from 1666 to 1741, agrec- 
ing with the time the families came to Ashton- 
under-Lyne and the neighbouring hamlet of Alt 
Hill. I find in the register similar christian 
names to those retained at the present time in 
both families. 
My friend informs me that “the register about 
the year 1666 is very much faded by age, very 
closely written in bad Latin, and old characters, 
and strangely abbreviated ; it would take some 
days to make out all that might be deciphered, to 
say nothing of much that is gone for ever.” He 
also adds, “‘ Higginbottom or Heginbottom seems 
to be the prevailing way of spelling the name ; 
they appear to have been respectable yeomen, some 
two centuries ago, ancestors not to be despised in 
these mushroom days of gin shops and cotton 
lords.” Joun Hicernsorrom, F.R.S. 
Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
Nottingham, 
TRADESMEN’S TOKENS. 
(277 §, i. 336.) 
I cannot give J. S. S. the present names of all 
the places he mentions; one I can, Budsdell, 
which is certainly Botesdale, in Suffolk, of which 
it is the local pronunciation. 
I subjoin a list of Norfolk corruptions from 
tradesmen’s tokens : 
Tradesmen’s Names. Towns. Modern Spelling. 
Philip Robats. Aby in Nofocke. Aldeby. 
William Watts. Alisha. Aylsham, 
William Rix. Brancastell. BE Stee 
ey age Claye+In¥Farthing. eee of Holt. 
ine asta es i Dareham. East Dereham, 
William Shildrack. Fackenham. Fakenham. 
John Dey. Hellgay. Hilgay. 
Francis Shawe. Hallt. Toit. 
Thomas Feltwell. Licham. Litcham, 
Edward Billings. Linn Regis. 
Gyles Bredgman. Lyn Regis. Lynn Regis, or 
Robart Bull. Len. King’s Lynn. 
Edward ‘Tilson. King's Lyne. 
Michaell Hawk. Masham. Marsham. 
Charles Clarke. Mousham. Id. (query). 
Thos. Childerhouse. Massinggam. Massingham. 
Stephen Tucke. Thornum. ‘Thornham. 
Joseph Wasey. Worwalsham. North Walsham. 
John Cocky, Wattleton. Watlington. 
John Burrill. Windham. Wymondham. 
Richard Crafford, Gret Yearmouth. Great Yarmouth, 
Perhaps the majority of these are sufliciently 
obvious, but they illustrate the local pronunci- 
ation at any rate. 
A copious list of the names of places is given 
