and §, No 23., June 7. °56.] 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
plained to Cromwell of the fellow’s insolence, and breach 
of the capitulation. ‘Sir,’ says Cromwell, ‘if you can 
point out the man, or I can discover him, I promise you 
he shall not go unpunished. In the meantime (taking 
off a new beaver which he had on his head) be pleased to 
accept this hat instead of your own.’ ” 
The Lords Kingsale have the privilege of wearing 
their “hats” in the presence of the sovereign. 
When George IV. held his Court at Dublin, it 
was attended by Lord Kingsale, who stood with 
the other peers, uncovered; but the king, with 
admirable address, singled out his lordship, and 
desired him to exercise his privilege, and be 
covered, Curnsert Beps, B.A. 
Flinar Potes. 
Corruption of Proper Names. — In Geldestone 
Churchyard, Norfolk, I observed yesterday a 
headstone to the memory of Samuel, son of Sa- 
muel and Iearenery. This being the first time I 
had ever met with such a feminine appellative, I 
pencilled it down, intending to consult old Cruden 
for a record of the first of the name. But on 
looking at the next headstone, I found it was to 
the memory of Samuel — also of Irene his wife, 
who no doubt was the lady whose name has been 
spelt with so many letters more than belong to it 
on the adjoining stone. Geo. E, Frere. 
Royden Hall, Diss, April 13. 
A Word for Chaucer.—In an able notice of a 
number of the North British Review, in the 
Scotsman, the critic, preluding a quotation of a 
“General Comparison between Thackeray and 
Fielding,” says : 
“ When the Reviewer calls these two ‘the greatest 
painters of human nature, as it actually is, that we have 
ever had, Shakspeare alone excepted,’ we presume, and 
the presumption is natural, seeing that all the three are 
native writers, that he is speaking of Mnglish writers. 
Otherwise, we must protest, on the part of a numerous 
class, that the painter of human nature who comes nearest 
to Shakspeare is Cervantes.” 
If the critic had also “ protested” on behalf of 
one Chaucer, on the part of another “numerous 
class,” he would have done nothing un-English or 
unreasonable. No greater painter of human 
nature than Chaucer ever wrote. His Canter- 
bury brain is alive with human realities. 
A Desuttory Reaper. 
Jersey. 
Milton and Butler. —I am not aware that it 
has been “noted” that Milton’s celebrated line: 
“ New Presbyter is but Old Priest writ large” 
has an alter idem, as to figure, in Hudibras 
(Part J. Canto ur. Il, 1201-2. et seq.) : 
“ Presbytery does but translate 
The Papacy to a free state,” &c. 
Milton’s line looks like a text to Butler’s witty 
sermon ; but which was written first, I know not. 
A Desutrory READER. 
Jersey, 
Cheap Literature. — We have now a cheap 
newspaper press at 1d., and even 3d., per number. 
We have periodicals at the same price; and we 
have, for at least fifty years, sold chap-books to 
children at }d. each; but this is high-priced 
literature to what the following advertisement 
announces : 
“ Books Boucutr. — New and Old Books, of, all de- 
scriptions, purchased to any amount, in town or country. 
Liberal Cash prices given by Henry C. Srroup, 163. 
Blackfriars’ Road. Present prices 3s. 4d. per peck; or 
13s. 4d. per bushel.” 
“The above is an opportunity which seldom 
presents itself,” as certain other advertisers say, 
to furnish a library cheaply; but I pity the 
sellers for the “ liberal cash prices.” 
Now to solve the enigma, for I will not believe 
in the fact, earnestly as I wish to augment my 
very small library. Above this advertisement is 
another of a flour merchant’s. Both the adver- 
tisements were “ standing ;” that is, they appeared 
in the previous week’s edition. The flour mer- 
chant sends the price of his flour to the printer ; 
the compositor, in his haste, makes the “ correc- 
tion” in the wrong advertisement, and the paper 
goes to press. 
The above appeared in the Lambeth and South- 
wark Advertiser, No.16. I enclose enough of the 
paper to corroborate the fact, leaving it at the 
service of any ox your correspondents who may 
be collecting authenticated cross-readings. 
Avon Lza. 
Pecuniary Punishments.— There is a curious 
passage on this subject in Justinian’s Institutes : 
“Pcena autem injuriarum ex Lege duodecim Tabula- 
rum propter membrum quidem ruptum talio erat: propter 
os vero fractum, nummariz poenz erant constitute, quast 
in magna veterum paupertate.” — (Lib. 4. tit. 4. s. 7. or 8. 
in some copies. ) 
It is paraphrased by Theophilus thus : 
“Pcena autem injuriarum ex Lege duodecim Tabula- 
rum si cujus membrum ruptum fuerat, erat talio: idem 
enim patiebatur, qui membrum cujuspiam rupisset: sin 
vero os fregerat, in pecuniam fiebant condemnationes. 
Quod veteribus grave erat, ob magnam ipsorum paupertatem.” 
—(Theoph. Paraph. versione Latina Fabroti.) 
A very obvious principle, but one which has too 
often been lost sight of, is suggested by this passage, 
namely, that fines should be sufficiently heavy to 
make them grievous, otherwise they are not punish- 
ments, but mere rates of composition for the relief 
of rich offenders. J. W. Puiries. 
Haverfordwest. 
Legacy Duty among the Romans. — One of the 
unpopular expedients resorted to by Augustus 
