2"^ S. VI. 188., Aug. 21. '58.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



143 



influence of scenic effect was attempted, and varied 

 in the different localities, — as the tearing of the 

 veil which shrouded the rood on the first dawn of 

 Easter Sunday. 



To what extent the uniformity of the services 

 was carried, is now probably a question which it 

 is impossible to determine ; but it must be doubted 

 whether it really existed as in the example at Ran- 

 worth, in Norfolk, where one of the most beautiful 

 and perfect lofts remain : there also is preserved 

 a very perfect lectern of the same date, where, on 

 the opposite side to the stand, there is still legible 

 the square-formed notes of a chant with the fol- 

 lowing words, which were repeated at the end of 

 the Epistle and Gospel by the choristers : thus 

 proving that, at least in that church, neither 

 readers nor choristers were upon the loft : — 



" Glori — a — tibi — domine, 

 Qiii — natus — es — de — virgine 

 Cum — sancto — spiritu 

 In sep'tema secula. — Amen." 



Probably the only existing example of the rood- 

 loft being applied to decorative purposes at stated 

 periods in the churches of England, is described 

 at p. 11. of the Architectural Antiquities in the 

 Neighbourhood of Oxford, where, describing the 

 church of Charlton-on-Otmoor, it is stated : — 



" On this rood-loft a garland is placed, from imme- 

 morial custom, on May-day, strung upon a wooden cross, 

 which remains in the position of the ancient Holy Rood 

 until the following year, when the flowers and ever- 

 greens are again renewed." 



The steps to the loft are either built to wind 

 round a column, or were cut in the solid wall, and 

 were not unfrequently in an exterior turret; but 

 were always too narrow to admit the ascent of a 

 procession, or even a priest fully robed, and which 

 it is not improbable the newel form was adopted 

 purposely to prohibit. H. D'Avenet. 



MILTON AND FATHER PAUL. 



I do not find that the commentators have pointed 

 out the source of the singular lines in the Par. 

 Lost, viii. 82, 83. Yet no one who considers the 

 strong attractions which the bold and eloquent 

 History of the Council of Trent must have pos- 

 sessed for the author of Areopagitica, and observes 

 the exact verbal correspondence of the two pas- 

 sages cited below, will doubt that Milton was in- 

 debted here to Father Paul : — 



". . . . or if they list to try 

 Conjecture, he his fabric of the hcav'ns 

 Hath left to their disputes, perhaps to move 

 His laughter at their quaint opinions wide 

 Hereafter, when they come to model heav'n 

 And calculate the stars, how they will wield 

 'llic mighty frame, how build, unbuild, contrive 

 To Hive appenranccs, how gird the sphere 

 With centric and eccentric scribbled o'er, 

 Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb." 



" Fii da alcuni faceti detto, cbe se gli astrologi, non 

 sapendo le vere cause de' raoti celesti, per salvare le ap- 

 paienze, hanno dato in eccentrici, et epicicli, non era ma- 

 raviglia, se volendo salvare le apparenze de' moti sopra- 

 celesti, si dava in eccentricita d' openioni." — Hist, del 

 Cone. Trid, Lend. 1619, p. 222. 



The allusion is well explained in " Tlie Life of 

 Samuel Fairclough," p. 184. (printed in Samuel 

 Clark's Liven of Sundry Eminent Persons, Lond., 

 1683, fol.) : — 



" He could never expect to see or find peace on earth 

 amongst men, until the spirits of men were so acted by 

 the Spirit of God, as the spheres are said (in the old phi- 

 losophy) to be acted above by angels, where all the little 

 smaller epicycles and circles of every particular orb do 

 all give themselves up wholb* to the conduct and motion 

 of the larger and greater spheres ; and truly (said he) it 

 is this, which (according to that hi'pothesis) doth mal;e 

 the sweetest music in heaven." 



J. E. B. Mator. 



St John's College, Cambridge. 



COLD HARBOUR. 



With a view of placing the evidence on this 

 much-disputed subject in a more accessible form 

 in " N. & Q.," I beg to enclose a list of the Cold 

 Harbours 1 have recorded up to the present time. 

 This will be found to include the Rev. Mr. Ilarts- 

 horne's list of about eighty in the Salopia AntiqwJ, 

 and all those referred to in " N. & Q.," the Gen- 

 tleman's Magazine, and the Archaologia, and many 

 others. In most cases the names have been ob- 

 tained by me primarily from the Ordnance Sur- 

 1 vey, and other topographical sources ; and the 

 j comparison with Mr. Hartshorne's list was a sub- 

 [ sequent measure. It is possible that in some i<iw 

 j instances the same Cold Harbour may be found 

 repeated by mistake. 



The examination I have made of this subject 

 in this more extensive survey brought me to the 

 same conclusion as Sir Richard Hoare, Mr. Fos- 

 broke, Admiral Smyth, the Rev. Mr. Hartshorne, 

 Mr. Albert Way, and Mr. Benjamin Williams, 

 that the Cold Harbours are in Roman situations. 

 I have marked some in the following list with R. 



With regard to the meaning of Harbour, I have 

 no difiiculty in adhering to the old school of Lye 

 and Junius, but I am not able to arrive at a de- 

 cided opinion as to the meaning of Cold. That it 

 is neither Celtic nor Latin I have no doubt, nor 

 that it is a Germanic word. I incline to the 

 opinion that it means empty or abandoned ; but it 

 is difficult to apply a definite meaning to Cold as 

 a prefi.x, which is applied to so many Roman sites 

 besides harbours ; and I am unable to satisfy my- 

 self as to the application of the prefix Chil and 

 that of Windy, more particulai'ly in Windy Har- 

 bour, which in some shires replaces the denomina- 

 tion Cold Harbour. The subject is beset with 

 difliculties until a large mass of facts can be ac- 



