212 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [2»i S. VI. 141„ Sept. ii. m 



II. — A Table of Degrees granted by Universities, etc. for which no distinctive Hoods are -worn, 



( Those marked with an asterisk are the Degrees granted.) 



Me. Gutch begs to tender liis thanks to all 

 parties who have in the kindest way, by their 

 ready assistance, enabled him to compile the 

 above table, especially to Me. J. Ribton Gar- 

 stin, and Mr. Tidman, as well as to the various 

 robe-makers at the several Universities : the Lon- 

 don ones excepted, who, in most uncourteous 

 terms, refused any information on the subject. 



The following extract from Pinnock's Clerical 

 Papers may not be deemed out of place : — 



" The Cowl or JTood was originally a covering for the 

 head, to protect it against tlie inclemency of the weather, 

 and was -worn by all classes without distinction. Its 

 ready adaptation to concealing the features led to its 

 adoption at a very early age by monks and ascetics. As 

 these multiplied and formed themselves into various dis- 

 tinct orders, their Hoods assumed a different fashion in 

 cut, colour, and material. From the monks it passed to 

 the cathedral and collegiate churches, and from them to 

 the universities; so that at the present time it is a ?nere 

 badge of distinction, serving to point out the academical 

 degree of the wearer, and forms rather a vesture of orna- 

 ment than of use : out of the universities the Jlood has 

 become almost exclusivelj' an ecclesiastical ornament. It 

 is required by the 58th Canon to bo worn by all ministers 

 when reading the public prayers; also when preaching, by 

 rubric of Edward's first Liturgy, [still in force]. 



" The use of the Hood is enjoined on members of ca- 

 thedral establishments in their ministrations by a i-ubric 

 of the same Liturgy of Edward VI., as well as by the 

 2oth Canon ; and its adoption bj' members of the univer- 

 sities is enforced by the 17th Canon." — • Pinnock, p. 969. 



" The Hood was originally a cape attached to the back 

 part of the collar of lay as well as ecclesiastical garments, 

 and might be drawn over the head if necessary'. It was 

 lined with furs, silks, and stuffs of various kinds, as may 

 be seen in the robes of different orders of Graduates in 

 our universities. Du Cange thinks that a part of tl, ese 

 hoods, which originally fitted on the head, was afterwards 

 detached, and finally became the square cap which is now 

 generally worn bj' students and some other members of 

 the universities." — Rev. W. Bates' iecteres ore Christian 

 Antiqxiities. 



testament of the twelve rATBIARCHS. 



(2"'* S. vi. 88. 173.) 



Although I can add but little to what has al- 

 ready been said about this popular chap-book, I 

 would observe, that, having been curious as to the 

 period when The Testaments became one of the 

 books for the million in the north, I am enabled 

 to go a little farther back, and to come a little 

 lower down with it than G. N. 



I have now before me a very neat edition in 

 12mo., Glasgow, by Sanders (1704) ; and, same 

 size, Glasgow, by Duncan (1745) ; both with the 

 usual cuts. 



D. S. quotes from the London edition of 1681 : 

 if the cut on his title is the same as that in mine 

 of IG71, also printed by Clark, he has made an 

 unlucky guess as to its import. It is well known 

 to all collectors of these chap-books, that the 

 printers were not over nice in their illustrations ; 

 sometimes lending a godly treatise a profane pic- 

 ture, and sometimes reversing the practice. In 

 this way one of the old cuts belonging to the 

 Decameron has superseded, in Clark's edition of 

 The Testaments, the original one of Jacob bless- 

 ing his sons. At all events, the cut in question 

 adorns both my French and English Boccaccio of 

 1597 and 1620-25 ; and the disporting repre- 

 sented savours more of Florentine relaxation than 

 it does of the Israelites dancing before the golden 

 calf. Relevancy to the subject was with the 

 Duck Lane aud Aldermary typographers secon- 

 dary to an attractive frontispiece ; and the case 

 belbre us, Jacob on his death-bed, which will be 

 found in its right place in old John Day's edition 

 of 1581, had to give way to the Italian scene re- 

 presenting the dramatis persona of Boccaccio as 

 engaged on one of the memorable ten days. 



J. 0. 



I have a very fine copy of this curious book in 

 I2mo., "published in London by R. Y., for the 



