318 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



L2»'» S. VI. 146., Oct. 16. '58. 



Walk-Money and Walk-Mills (2«« S. vi. 285.) — 

 This is a subject worth ventilating, and I trust 

 the readers of " N". & Q." will assist Mr. Johnson 

 in his endeavours to illustrate it. We have Walk- 

 Mills at Chester, or rather we had a century or 

 two ago, but a long-disused paper-mill now occu- 

 pies their site. Their identity is proved by the 

 following quotation from an old MS. in the Dean 

 and Chapter Library at Chester : — 



" On the right hand, after passing over Dee Bridge, you 

 go down to the old ferry; and on the left, by a lane, to 

 the Fulling or Walk-Mills, now the Paper-Mills. These 

 Walk-Mills, with their important neighbours the Dee 

 Corn-Mills, were in existence at least as early as '1414, at 

 which date also a court held jurisdiction within their 

 precincts, called ' The Court of the Mills of the Dee.' To 

 this court, in the year just mentioned, John de Whitmore, 

 mayor, in obedience to the king's writ, summoned '24 

 good .and lawful men, as well of the citizens of his bai- 

 liffwick as of the millers and servants in the aforesaid 

 mills, to be' there ready to do suit and appearance as the 

 writ required.' One of the causes there tried was an 

 affray between two fullers or walkers, which will be best 

 described in the jury's own language : — 



" ' Millers of the Dee, — The jurors say upon their oath 

 that John Siloock, of Chester, walker of the county of 

 Chester, on Sunday next after the Feast of St. Andrew 

 the Apostle, in the 2"<' year of the reign of King Henry 

 the 5"> after the conquest, at Chester, in the mills afore- 

 said, there made an assault upon Roger Holland, walker 

 of the aforesaid city of the county aforesaid, with a cer- 

 tain small knife, and struck him, so that blood flowed, 

 with force and arms, and against the peace of the Lord 

 the King; and that the said Roger, on and at the afore- 

 said day, place, and year, made an assault upon the afore- 

 said John, &c. &c.' " 



1 am aware of no such custom or charity at 

 Chester as the " walk-money " referred to by Mr. 

 GoDDARD Johnson ; but this may possibly be 

 owing to the circumstance that the itinerant beg- 

 gars and minstrels of Chester were protected by 

 special charters and privileges unshared by their 

 brethren in any other part of the country, and 

 were therefore a peg or two above being the re- 

 cipients of such a charity as the one under notice. 

 I should imagine the mendicant bearers of the 

 dish and clapper mentioned by Me. Johnson 

 must have been the wretched inmates of some 

 leper-house in the neighbourhood, — 



" Who dish and clapper bare 

 As they poor mezzles were." 



T. Hughes. 

 Chester. 



''Dans voire lit" (2"-» S. vi. 111.)— In the "Old 

 English Fleet " there is a song with this refrain. 

 My copy of this opera being mislaid, I cannot 

 verify the quotation of W. R., nor supply the re- 

 maining verses. " All's Well," from this opera, is 

 still popular. Munden's song, "I've lived a Life 

 of some few Years," and another in the same 

 opera, " When Vulcan forg'd the Bolts of Jove," 

 are good enough to bear repetition. 



T. J. BUCKTON. 



Lichfield. 



Bondage (2"'^ S. vi. 286.)— I do not know that 

 this word was ever used in Lincolnshire to express 

 a system of rural servile labour, which the pea- 

 sants were obliged to furnish, either in person or 

 by substitute ; but the cotarius and coterellus 

 classes of labourers in Lincolnshire, both of whom 

 were similar in some degree to the bondagers now 

 existing, according to your correspondent Mbny- 

 ANTHES, in Northumberland, &c., were to be 

 found in many parts of England at the date of 

 the Domesday Register. These two classes, ac- 

 cording to Cowell, varied materially in their ser- 

 vile condition. The cotarii had a free soccage 

 tenure, and paid a certain rent in provisions or 

 money, with some occasional customary service; 

 but the coterelli were held in absolute villenage, 

 and had their persons, issue, and goods at the 

 disposition of their lords, according to their plea- 

 sure. Thus the bondagers existed under another 

 name very generally in the kingdom at the time 

 of the Conquest. Both cotarii (then cottagers) 

 who held a house, but no land, and coterelli (held 

 as bondmen), are enumerated in the parish of 

 Freiston, near Boston, in 1343 and 1363. 



The term "bondage" was used in Lincolnshire 

 in 1613 to express copyhold tenure, and in the 

 Hundred Roll for that year a considerable quan- 

 tity of land is stated to be then " held in bondage 

 of Copuldyke's heirs." Copyhold land was said to 

 be "held in bondage" in various other parishes near 

 Boston about the same date. PisHEr Thompson. 



NOTES on books, ETC. 



At length English literature bids fair to be enriched 

 with what has been so long and ardentl3' desired, a com- 

 panion to old Antony Wood's invaluable work. For 

 the first volume of an Athence Cantabrigienses we are in- 

 debted to the able and indefatigable Town Clerk of Cam- 

 bridge, Mr. Charles Henry Cooper, F.S.A., the author of 

 The Annals of Cambridge, and his son Mr. Thompson 

 Cooper. They have most diligently availed themselves 

 of the labours of their predecessors, Sampson, Baker, 

 Drake Morris, Richardson, Cole, &c. ; and by their own 

 indefatigable researches, and at what must have been a 

 vast amount of labour, have commenced a work which 

 is far more comprehensive than that of Antony Wood, 

 because they propose that the Athena Cantabrigienses 

 should include notices of: — 1. Authors. 2. Cardinals, 

 archbishops, bishops, abbats, heads of religious houses, 

 and other church dignitaries. 3. Statesmen, diplomatists, 

 military and naval commanders. 4. Judges and eminent 

 practitioners of the law. 5. Sufferers for religious or 

 political opinions. 6. Persons distinguished for success 

 in tuition. 7. Eminent phj'sicians and medical practi- 

 tioners. 8. Artists, musicians, and heralds. 9. Heads of 

 colleges, professors and principal officers of the Univer- 

 sity ; and lastly, 10. Benefactors to the University and 

 Colleges, or to the public at large. They commence from 

 the year 1500, and, after considering the various modes 

 of arrangement, have determined, wisely as we think, to 

 adopt the chronological. This has one so obvious an ad- 

 vantage, namely, that if the progress of the work should 



