398 



NOTES AND QUERIES. [2-^ S. VI. 150, Nov. is. '58. 



bouquets in medallion, as Lecot, painter, July, 

 1773? 



is^Kgre can a dated list of painters' monograms 

 be referred to ? Hue. Ho. 



[Our correspondent will find a very copious List of 

 Sevres Marks and Monograms at pp. 421. to 429._of Mr. 

 Marryat's valuable History of Pottery and Porcelain, Me- 

 dicEval and Modern. From that list it would seem that 

 the marks of Leve Sen. are L cursive and L Roman, 

 and of Lecot LL cursive and LL roman.] 



John Collivges, D. D. — He published a book 

 entitled The Intercourses of Divine Love hetioixt 

 Christ and his Church, 1683. Who was he ? Q. 



[Dr. John CoUinges was an eminent Nonconformist 

 divine and voluminous writer, born at Boxstead in Essex 

 in 1623 ; educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge. He 

 had the living of St. Stephen's, Norwich, from which he 

 was ejected in 1662. He was one of the commissioners 

 at the Savoy Conference, and particularly excelled as a 

 textuary and critic. In Poole's Annotations, he wrote 

 those on the last six chapters of Isaiah, the whole of 

 Jeremiah, Lamentations, the four Evangelists, Corinthians, 

 Galatians, Timothy, Philemon, and the Revelation. He 

 died at Norwich, Jan. 17, 1690. Calamy has given a list 

 of his publications: see also Darling's Cyclo. Biblio- 

 graphica. ] 



^tJgXiti, 



KOAMEE, SAUNTEEEK. 



(2"* S.vi. 268.314.) 



The derivation of our English word roamer 

 from the Latin Roma, through such intermediate 

 words as the Sp. romero, which properly signifies 

 a pilgrim to Rome, and in a secondary sense any 

 pilgrim, has been advocated in a recent number of 

 " N. & Q." (p. 268.), but is strenuously impugned 

 by your correspondent J. A. Picton (p. 314.), 

 who is disposed to trace " roamer " to a different 

 source. I have no wish to cavil at the derivation 

 which your correspondent prefers ; but on his ob- 

 jections to the derivation proposed in " N. & Q." I 

 venture to offer a few remarks. 



1. "All the quotations," says your correspon- 

 dent, " prove that ' Romero, Romeria,' never sig- 

 nified anything else than a pilgrimage." As 

 romero never signified a pilgrimage at all, but a 

 pilgrim, probably what your correspondent means 

 to say is, that romero never signified a roamer. 

 Romero, however, is certainly used occasionally in 

 Spanish, rather in the more extended sense of a 

 roamer, than in that of a bona fide pilgrim. 

 " Gran obrero, gran romero " (the great workman 

 is a great romero') ; not that he is a pilgrim, but 

 because he is sent for from place to place (" because 

 he is sent for to all parts"), and therefore is a 

 great roamer. And if it be meant, to call him a 

 pilgrim at all, it can only be in a secondary or 

 figurative sense. 



So also in the " romero pece," a fabulous fish 

 which is facetiously called romero, a roamer, be- 



cause, though possessing no locomotive power of 

 its own, it goes about in company with the shark, 

 to which it adheres. " Se ase fuertamente a los 

 que Uaman tiburones, caminando siempre con ellos." 

 (It fastens on the sharks, so as always to go where 

 they go.) Sharks visit no shrines. This then is 

 evidently not, in the strict sense of the word, a 

 pilgrimage, but a roving about as sharks rove, a 

 1-oaming. And I think, too, when the Duke tells 

 Sancho Panza that he might possibly come back 

 from Candaya " hecho romero," he means, not 

 strictly that he might come back a pilgrim, but 

 a rambler or roamer; — "romero de meson en 

 meson, y de venta en venta" (a romero from 

 tavern to tavern, and from inn to inn). To 

 such a ramble honest S. P. would have no objec- 

 tion; but the Duke would hardly think of re- 

 commending the Candayan expedition, by merely 

 intimating to so shrewd a man that he might pos- 

 sibly come back as a poor pilgrim. 



2. Your correspondent next asserts that in the 

 English and cognate languages the word roam 

 and its derivatives cannot be shown to have ever 

 been used as referring to pilgrimage or pilgrims. 

 Indeed they can. First, in English : — 



" Tyl clerken covetis be to clothe the poore and fede. 

 And religious Vomers recordarie in cloistures." 



Pierce Ploughman, ed. 1550, fo. 19. 



Where religious romers are evidently pilgrims, 

 belonging to the same class as the "■Rome reimers" 

 mentioned a few lines after, i. e. " Rome runners," 

 or pilgrims to Rome. (And " Rome," be it ob- 

 served, appears also in other old English words ; 

 such as romist, romepenny, and romescot). 



Next, some farther light is thrown upon this 

 subject in the Scottish language. Those whom 

 our English forefathers called " Rome-runners," 

 the Scotch called " Rome-raharis " (Raik, v. To 

 wander, to rove. Isl. rakka, to run hither and 

 thither). Still the idea of rambling to Rome, or 

 roaming, * 



3. Your correspondent also alleges that " no 

 corresponding word " [to the Sp. romero or to the 

 Eng. roam'] " exists in the French or Italian lan- 

 guages as applied to Roman pilgrimages." 



As far as the derivation of " roam " is con- 

 cerned, the question is not so much what words 

 "exist" in French or Italian, but what words 

 in former times existed. However, to begin with 

 French : in that language we have not only the old 

 word 7-oumieux, a pilgrim, which, says your corre- 

 spondent, " if once so applied, must have had a 

 very limited range and short existence," yet which 

 as signifying a pilgrim, pelerin, is given by Du 

 Cange and by Raynouard under the various forms 

 of roumieux, romieux, and romeu ; — we have also 

 the corresponding noun, romipete (" S'est dit en 

 general des pelerins qui allaient a Rome"), and the 

 derivative verb, romipeter, to go on pilgrimage to 

 Rome. With these should be mentioned the old 



