2nos. VI. 151., Nov. 20. '58.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 



417 



& Q.," (p. 284. ante), at St. Blain's chapel, in the 

 island of Bute, "the burjing-places of the two 

 sexes are separate." 



With regard to the several " facts," so-called, 

 which F. S. A. has heaped together (p. 195. ante), 

 I must observe that as yet he has not given any 

 better warrant for them than their mere assertion. 

 If a separation of the sexes be observed at pre- 

 sent among Genevan and Dutch Calvinists, I sus- 

 pect it is not of any ancient date among, at least, 

 one of them, — the Dutch, — and for this reason : last 

 summer was exhibited at the British Institution, 

 Pall Mall, a picture by Berkheyden, showing the 

 interior of a Dutch church at service-time ; no divi- 

 sion between the sexes is discernible, though the 

 men are all figured wearing their hats — an inci- 

 dent, by-the-way, which a correspondent of " N. 

 & Q." may not be sorry to hear of. One among 

 these asserted " facts " I can take upon myself to 

 gainsay ; and it is that " in Italy this practice (the 

 separation) is stigmatised as a Puritan innova- 

 tion." I have shown from the words themselves 

 of some of the most trustworthy and best in- 

 formed Italian writers, dead and living, that, so 

 far from " stigmatising the separation of the sexes 

 as Puritanical," they deem it most becoming, and 

 declare it to be handed down to them by the 

 highest antiquity. From my own knowledge of 

 Italy, after a residence there of seven years, and 

 visiting it thrice since — from an intimacy with 

 many Italians — I can advisedly assert that but very 

 few .of them ever heard of the Puritans, or the 

 very word itself, except perhaps in the opera of 

 the Puritani. 



The passage from Rabelais, as I read it even in 

 F. S. A.'s way of quotation, "seemed a plain proof 

 there was a separation in his days ; " the higher 

 part of the nave being the then place for the men, 

 the lower portion for women. On looking into 

 Rabelais, and seeing the first part of the passage 

 left out by F. S. A., my impression was strength- 

 ened, for the words are these : — " Car jamais ne 

 se mettoit au chaeur au hault, mais toujours de- 

 mouroiten la nef entre les femmes, tant a la messe, 

 k vepres, comme au sermon," — showing that, 

 instead of going, as he ought, up into the higher 

 part of the church, by the choir, among the male 

 part of the congregation, the dirty buffoon stayed 

 in the nave where the females were, at the great 

 public services, at mass, vespers, and the sermon. 

 The present French practice even yet is that in 

 processions the men and women walk apart. In the 

 Manuel des Ceremonies selon le Rite dc VEglise de 

 Paris, Paris, 1846, there is an article " De I'ordre 

 et de la disposition des Processions," by which it 

 ia directed that — " Le peuple, les iiommes en 

 t^te, puis les feinmes, vont ;i la suite du Clerge," 

 (p. 267.); still keeping up the same relative position 

 pointed out by Rabelais of the male and female 

 portions of a congregation. 



In conclusion I will add that although F. S. A. 

 started by asserting, and with strong emphasis too, 

 that "there is not a tittle of evidence that such a 

 practice ever obtained in the Western Churches," I 

 think it has been abundantly shown that this sepa- 

 ration of the sexes was liturgically insisted on, and 

 strictly followed by the people, from the enrliest 

 times, and continued in general use up to the six- 

 teenth century all through the Latin Church ; and 

 that a tithe of the documentary evidence brought 

 forwards on the subject in these pages ought to be 

 enough to s.atisfy anyone that the Puritans never 

 had, either here or elsewhere, anything to do with 

 originating such an observance. D. Rock. 



Brook Green, Hammersmith. 



LORD WILLIAM HOWAED. 



(P'S. X. 341.; 2'"iS. vi. 381.) 



The tombstone found lately at Brampton Old 

 Church in Cumberland, is in no way connected 

 with Lord William Howard, being, both from ap- ' 

 pearance, and as proved by the facts, long anterior 

 to his time. The arms of Howard therefore, as 

 might be expected — he being the first of the 

 family who became connected with the county — 

 do not appear at all upon the stone. It is of an 

 oblong shape, divided into three compartments or 

 shields. In the first is "a bend chequy," which, if 

 coloured, would be "argent, a bend chequy or and 

 gules," for " De Vaux of Tryermaine." In the 

 second are "three escallops," if coloured, "gules, 

 three escallops, argent," for " Dacre ;" and in the 

 third is " a cross flory, in the dexter chief an es- 

 callop," if coloured, " gules, a cross flory, argent, 

 in the dexter chief an escallop of the second," for 

 "Delamore." The first shield, therefore, no doubt 

 designates the stone as having belonged to the 

 family of " De Vaux of Tryermaine." The death 

 of the last male of this family, Roland, would take 

 place not later than towards the middle of the 

 reign of Edward IV. The exact date of it is not 

 known, but the marriage of one of the younger of 

 his granddaughters and coheiresses (children of 

 his daughter Jane and Sir Richard Salkeld of 

 Corby) with my ancestor William Dykes took 

 place 21 Edward IV., according to record of the 

 Heralds' College and settlement of that date ; 

 say, therefore, 1470 as the date of death. This 

 at the latest places the date of the stone 170 years 

 anterior to the death of Lord William Howard in 

 1640, It will most probably be much more. 



The other quarterings will be alliances of the 

 family of De Vaux of Tryermaine with the neigh- 

 bouring ones of Dacre of Giliesland .and Delamore. 

 In the pedigree of De Vaux of Tryermaine the 

 names of the wives are not given, with the ex- 

 ception of one " Joan," 36 Edward IH. This (as 

 far as such may go) is a " Dacre " name. An 



