iv PREFACE. 
part of the State, the roads have been so altered, and so many new ones constructed, that there often is but 
little agreement between them and those on the map. Very many other sources of difficulty could be mention- 
ed, but they will occur to every one, and will serve to explain any discrepancies that may be observed. 
The geological section is constructed, as far as Columbia and Aiken, from the Rail Road grades published 
in the report of the President, and the rest of the distance to Saluda Gap from Maj. Colcock’s notes. 
The horizontal and vertical scales are, necessarily, different, and may be ascertained by comparing the 
distance from Charleston to the Saluda Gap with the height of that mountain. 
POSTSCRIPT. 
While the report was passing through the press, A. S. Johnston, Esq. informed me that the Committee on 
publication had decided that the plates, containing figures of the fossils of the State, which were to have 
accompanied it, were not essential, and they are, therefore, omitted. 
