OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 93 
ferruginous quartz, having the fissures and cavities coated with small crystals of phosphate of lead. 
Galena is also found in the lodes, and although these minerals are comparatively rare, they were suf- 
ficient to remind one of the splendid crystallizations of the silver mine in Davidson, North Carolina. 
South of this gold is found in numerous places, but as ground was scarcely broken, I had no means 
of observing them. 
Between the mountain and the village the precious metal may be detected in the common quartz 
veins that make their appearance at the surface. The cavities in the quartz are often filled with 
native sulphur, to the extent of a spoonful in a single cavity. 
In this direction gold is seen for the last time towards the Savannah, on Ward’s Creek, on the 
edge of the Flat-woods. No vein has been discovered here, but the deposit is a remarkable one : 
it consists of yellow, ferruginous quartz, which must have been included in hornblende rock or pro- 
togine, for these are the rocks associated with it: they are also the rocks of the vicinity. The 
auriferous gravel varies from one to six feet in thickness, and is overlaid by a bed of red clay and 
loam, from three to six feet thick; and, from what I saw, I suppose that this deposit may be worked 
over again with profit. : 
On a branch of Hard-labor Creek, taleo-micaceous slates are found, near the Edgefield line, and 
some gold has been washed in a deposit, consisting of angular fragments of quartz, little worn, and 
showing that they have not been transported from any great distance, and that the original veins 
may be looked for in the vicinity, unless they have been entirely destroyed by the denudation to 
which the surface Has been exposed. 
In Greenville District gold is found ina mine which is only remarkable for its lode of smoky 
quartz, oxide of iron and pyrites, passing through granite. It occurs on Wildcat Creek, a branch 
of Tyger. The vein is only a few inches in thickness, and the gold, I think, is principally confined 
to the oxide of iron, which is found in the form of cubic crystals, showing that it was once pyrites. 
I have seen such appearances elsewhere, but they are here, perhaps, more striking than at other 
localities; and I am convinced, after a pretty thorough examination of the subject, that all the 
oxide of iron that occurs in the gold veins, as I have already stated, was once sulphuret of iron, or 
pyrites, and that at a depth below the surface which is quite variable, the iron associated with the 
gold exists in that form. | 
The deposits that occur in the upper parts of Pickens, on the lands of J. E. Calhoun, Esq. and 
which occupy a considerable area, seem to belong to a third range, which comes into the State from 
the Blue Ridge. 
Gotp Mrnes or THE CaTawBA AND Lyncu’s CREEK. 
These mines are found principally upon the streams that flow into the Catawba from the Kast, 
and upon the branches of Lynch’s Creek, in Lancaster, Chesterfield, and Kershaw Districts. ‘The 
gold formation crosses the river into York, at Turkey Point, and after extending a few miles into 
that District, it is terminated with the appearance of granite at the surface. 
The S. E. corner of it is seen in Fairfield on Sawney’s Creek, where the public road crosses it, 
and again between that point and the Wateree. On the N. E. it extends into North Carolina, 
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