128 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
form which is dissolved by the water of springs. Such is the case with many of the springs in 
Abbeville and Chester; and even the lime contained in the water of Glenn’s Springs is not derived 
from limestone, but from other rocks over which it flows. 
The group of rocks containing the magnetic ore of iron, the red and brown hematites, the lime- 
stone and flexible quartz rocks, I need scarcely say, are a continuation of the same group found in 
York District. 
It is impossible not to be struck with this beautiful association of rocks. Here we have iron ore 
of nearly every species, and of the very best quality, lying side by side with limestone, for fluxing; 
quartz rock, for fire-stone ; and beds of excellent fire-clay are not uncommon in the very neighbor- 
hood of the iron works. And all occurring on the banks of a noble stream, capable of furnishing 
abundant water power. 
The gold mines of the District have been described in their proper connection, and need not be 
mentioned here. 
GREENVILLE Disrricr. 
The gneissoid rocks, which, in the lower Districts, are principally seen upon the rivers, and at 
other localities where the superincumbent slates are washed away, are here fully developed, and a 
corresponding change in the topography of the country is equally well marked. Instead of the low 
and rounded hills of those Districts, we have here long, and comparatively level ridges, but little 
cut up by the lesser streams. Of this character is nearly all that portion of the District south of 
the village. Large naked surfaces of this rock, studded with crystals of feldspar, are quite common 
on all the streams; and notwithstanding the abundance of the feldspar, it is not equally subject to 
disintegration with the rocks lower down. 'The thick beds have the appearance of true granite, but 
where they are thinner the: stratification can readily be distinguished. 'The rocks of Greenville 
have, in general, a strike of about N. 30° EK. and dip towards the 8S. EK. 25° to 40°. Hast of the 
village a very short distance, a slight undulation has produced an anticlinal axis, and the strata are 
accordingly found dipping towards the North-west, and this is continued for about a distance of 
seven miles. The gneiss is then covered by mica slates, which continue on the surface till they 
meet a coarse, crystalline granite, towards the Enoree. On the opposite side of the District, and 
toward the Saluda, gneiss is every where seen outcropping on the sides of the hills, whose tops are 
often capped with mica slates; hence it often happens that these little hills are covered with a mea- 
gre and scanty soil, while the surrounding country presents one of considerable fertility. Beds of 
porcelain clay are found wherever the feldspathic gneiss is disposed to disintegration. 
Although the gneiss of Greenville is pretty uniform in its general character, yet it is subject to 
variations that produce important changes in the quality and appearance of the soils derived from it. 
Hornblende slates occupy no inconsiderable portion of the District. Commencing about ten miles 
north of the Court House; on the head waters of Enoree; between S. Tyger and the Saluda, 
these rocks, interstratified with gneiss, may be traced for some distance upwards, towards the 
mountains. 
The Mica Slates of Greenville occupy that part of the District between the head waters of 
Tyger and the base of the mountains. It presents the usual groups of rounded knobs, so 
