OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 131 
of the creek, is twenty feet thick. Strike N.30° EK. dip 45°. In a country covered by dense forests, 
and where the surface is strewed with the ruins of the rocks from the hill sides, it is plainly impos- 
sible, in the absence of excavations, to present any thing like a correct estimate of the extent of beds 
so situated. I can therefore only direct the attention of those interested to the subject. 
Before I had any knowledge of this locality, I pointed out the old Indian boundary line, as the 
direction in which lime would be found. [ had arrived at this conclusion while tracing the strike 
of the limestone on the Georgia side of the river; and the Brasstown bed does not deviate more 
widely from that line than was to be expected from difference of level. It is exposed again on the 
Blue Ridge, and I have not the slightest doubt that when the bed is explored, it will be traced to 
numerous other localities. 
The bed on the Georgia side is on the immediate bank of the Tugaloo. Strike N. 15° E. dip 
45° 8. About twenty feet of it is quite pure; the rest is more or less mixed with the rock in which 
it occurs. This stratum is exposed higher up, on Panther Creek, where it is burned to some 
extent. 
Beds of iron ore, which have been worked, are found in the slates between Wilson’s Ferry and 
Pendleton ; and at another locality, between Oolenoe and Table-rock. 
About six and a half miles south of Pickens Court House, on the road to Pendleton, traces of 
manganese are found, which seem to result from the decomposition of manganesian garnets. Still 
stronger indications of this mineral are found near own Creek, on the road between Pendleton 
and Table-rock. 
Brasstown Creek flows through a narrow valley in the mica slates. A few miles from its mouth 
it crosses some strata less destructible than the rest, over which it tumbles, forming two pretty cas- 
eades in the distance of half a mile. 'To the right of this, some bold ledges of the same are found 
outcropping on the sides of the valley, and are highly charged with iron pyrites, which, by spon- 
taneous decomposition, forms sulphate of iron, or copperas. ‘This salt is found, in the state of efflo- 
rescence, on the surface of the rock, and among the fragments, where they are protected from the 
rains. Did the price of this useful substance warrant it, a considerable quantity could be obtained 
Here. At present it is collected and used in domestic dying. 
The gold of the District is, as yet, confined to deposit mines, and some of these rank among the 
best in the State, both in richness and extent. A vast amount of work has been performed in the 
deposits of Cherokee Valley. But it is extremely difficult to collect any reliable statistics on the 
subject, on account of the desultory manner in which the business is pursued. 
From the angular character of the fragments composing the deposit, on Keowee, the property of 
Col. Calhoun, one might well expect that the vein, the original source of the gold, was not far off ; 
yet no vein has been discovered. 
At the base of the Estatoe Mountains there is a chalybeate spring, at Barton’s, which is a plea- 
sant spot from which to visit Table-rock, on the one hand, and Jocasse Valley and its beautiful 
water-fall, on the other. 
