OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 211 
° 
Tubulifera proboscidea, Lons. Escaraincumbens, — Lons. 
Idmonea maxillaris, & “ linea, re 
“  commiscens, “L «“ _ viminea, ye 
a? Lunulites distans, ff 
Lichenopora, contigua, it 
PLant#&.*—-ExoGEns. 
Silicified wood, Quercus, (the leaves,) e 
Lignite, Fagus, c 
Salix, ac 
ReECAPITULATION. 
The results of the investigations in the Tertiary formations may be thus briefly presented. 
1. That they are situated in a vast depression in the Cretaceous rocks, which, however, are only 
visible on the East and North-east. 
2. That the Eocene consists of three well defined groups: 1. The Buhr-stone formation, com- 
posed of thick beds of sand, gravel, grit, clay, and buhr-stone, amounting to at least 400 feet in 
thickness—and underlying the calcareous beds. Its upper portions are characterised by beds abound- 
ing in silicified shells, for the most part identical with the Claiborne fossils. As these are littoral shells 
they probably occupied the coast while the Santee beds were forming, in deep water. The materials 
of which this formation is composed are the ruins of the granitic and metamorphic rocks of the upper 
Districts, which may often be traced to their origin. 2. The Santee beds, consisting of thick beds 
of white limestone, marl, and green sand. 'These are best. seen on the Santee, where, interstrati- 
fied with the green sand, they dip gently towards the South. The coralline marl of Eutaw is found 
near the upper edge of these beds. 3. The Ashley and Cooper beds, which are the newest 
Eocene beds of the State. ‘The marl of these is characterised by its dark grey color and granular 
texture, while the remains of fishes and mammalia give its fossil remains a peculiar character, and 
leave no doubt of the position assigned it, at the top of the Eocene series. These, together with 
the Santee beds, must amount, at least, to a thickness of six or seven hundred feet. 
3. That although these strata contain, throughout, characteristic Eocene fossils, yet they also 
enclose some Cretaceous forms. 
4. That the Middle Tertiary of the State, composed of beds of sand and marl, highly fossillif- 
erous, is scattered, like similar beds in other places, over the Eocene and Cretaceous formations, in 
isolated patches. That the proportion of recent species increases towards the South; and that the 
extinction of species seems to proceed in that direction, as is proved by the fact that the recent 
forms, which are also fossil, belong to a more southern Fauna—there being but one or two excep- 
tions. 
*Carpolites have recently been found by Mr. Holmes, in connection with lignite, on the Ashley. A rounded fragment of coal 
was brought by the augur, in boring into this bed, at the well in Charleston. This should excite no surprise. Coal exists in the 
red sandstone of North Carolina, and as one extremity of this extends into this State, it may have contained a bed of coal, which 
has been removed by denudation and fragments brought down into the Eocene sea. 
