262 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
Organi¢matters=———— —s—- ee A )eee e 10,005 3= --428100 
SiliGaweeeaseeeee cess fase alo eee o6/002 2 aa 640082 —-25 60.00 
Alumina eee ese ee ee 91205. = ae EAQE= =e ee 4.00 
OkideLonemons seco 2seeseee Sst 3.003.252 AO. Seer 2.40 
UL iuciys. ie bagi. Sn a eee ee nee [10a WS Ox. eee 50 
Meionesia ieee S52 oon ae ko 0.50525 as (ys) 0 ae ares 
Potastvandws0da. toss ee etee ose - OM0ue 22 See EAC Oey fee oe trace 
JE os eS Sees eon SoS Shee See ——.. -- -- --——_ ------- 
Wiatersandsloss.= es seeeeeteeces = S402 22256 OF3 OSs aa 5.10 
100.00 100.00 100.00 
No. 1 is among the best rice lands in the State; No. 2 is one of the stiffest rice soils that I have 
seen, and is almost entirely a river deposit; No. 3 has not yet been brought into cultivation. The 
marl which ‘abounds on the spot would be an excellent application to a soil containing so much 
organic matter, 
Lime Burwnine. 
Limestone, marlstone, marl, and all the varieties of calcareous rocks, are made up of carbonate of 
lime, more or less mixed with impurities. 100 parts of pure carbonate of lime is composed, in 
round numbers, of 44 carbonic acid united to 56 of lime. The object of lime burning is to obtain 
the lime in its caustic state, that is, freed from the carbonic acid, which is driven off at a high tem- 
perature. The lime, in this state, combines rapidly with water, and falls to a fine powder; com- 
bines again with carbonic acid, and, when mixed with sand, forms an artificial stone, or mortar. 
The object of burning lime, in agriculture, is to obtain it in such a state that it may be spread 
upon the land without difficulty. Besides this, it acts with more energy on organic matter, pro- 
duces all the effects of carbonate of lime in a shorter time, and, for this reason, requires greater 
caution in its application. 
The weight is diminished one half, by burning, at the same time that its bulk is doubled, if it be 
allowed to absorb moisture, or to “slack,” as it is technically called—two important facts con- 
nected with lime, where it has to be hauled to any considerable distance. 
Interstratified, as the limestones of the upper country are, with gneiss and mica slates, they some- 
times pass into them, and, in quarrying, require a little care to separate the two. In general, this 
only takes place for an inch or two, at the lines of junction of the rocks. 
Analysis of Limestone, from the Limestone Springs. 
Carbonate‘of limes-*.. 2.2222. 22202 ee eee 90.56 é 
Silicaswathtacalestotamicas< esse sone ee eee ee ee eee 6.40 
Oxide ofxonrandltraces off magnesiags= 22 -se  oe eee 3.14 
100.00 
This was an average specimen from the quarry at the kiln. 
Crystalline Limestone, from the Saluda, Laurens District. 
Carbonate"of lime: =- -2 ==. =.=. Sesto ea ae see eee 92.00 
Silica, alumina. andiron.==-.. = eae ee 7.00 
Carbonate! of mapnesia-@=e. Swe: = Seer n= 2 J oe eee = 1.00 
