OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 263 
F AMC, Lime of Garlington’s Quarry. N 
Caaetato ag ee he ee a ee 86.00 
Siig Jute ft ———— se ee 13.50 
Wimpammeiunentiapuesia. 2. 2 22h se 2 ee a ane 00.50 
This was from a quarry just opened. In the old quarry the centre of the bed differs but little 
from this, but at top and bottom it is quite impure. 
” Limestones of York. 
A specimen at the lower bed, used at the iron works. 
Carbonatelof lime =o] = oto oe Se ee eee 85.00 
Silica and! scalesiof mies®.2--.3_.- SS... < -_ See ee oe ee 10.00 
‘Alumina and irons: ames =~ a = Se ee 4.50 
Carbonate of mapneside=—..2---2 -~ eee ee 0.50 
100.00 
From Hardin's Bed. 
Wanbonate of lime=a= 2) -oo= 2 28.22 ool). ee ee 86.00 
TOU GS sa ee ee eo ae eee 11.00 
MIMINS (ANd tones 2.50 
Garbonateiof; magnesia... 22.225 - 2.2 sn en 0.50 
100.00 
From the highest exposure in York. 
Garbonate.of Jimexe..- 2 32 ce Sse See ee See 75.00 
Silica. and segles Of micas. =3-----— seen eee eae eee 16.00 
RUMINA ANG IGOR =..<-25 22s a ee ae eS Bee ee 9.00 
Wanbanareos magnesite . 2-2 92 a ok js 32. Soe trace. 
90.00 
From Brasstown Creek, Pickens District. 
MRRON REET MEIN OS a oa. a ae eee ee 70.00 
SOTCIO ET G11 2) a ne oe 2 A © Se a ee eee 25.00 
PUTS AN) WON = oe a on See Sa Sh soe 5.00 
100.00 
Notwithstanding that lime has been burned fora number of years, there is not a single well 
constructed lime kiln in the State. Those that are pretty well built are defective, particularly in 
the construction of the fire-places. They are either so small as to allow but a little wood to be 
placed in them at a time, or so large as to admit a volume of cold air, (for there are no doors,) that 
must carry off the heat that otherwise would be employed in burning the lime. There is conse- 
quently a vast and unnecessary expenditure of time and fuel. 
The simplest mode of burning lime is to pile up alternate layers of wood and limestone, the lat- 
ter broken into fragments, three or four inches in diameter; the outside of the pile is roughly plas- 
tered with clay, so as to stop up all the openings, excepting at the bottom, where holes are left suf- 
ficient for draft. Such a pile may be burned in the quarry, and would involve no carriage of the 
limestone, till it was burned. The plastering is important, especially in windy weather, and, at all 
times, a great saving of fuel. 
Where lime is burned constantly, kilns of a permanent character are built, and the larger they 
are the less the cost of burning. The interior of the kiln must be of some substance that will 
stand the intense heat required. For this purpose the mica slates answer well, where the granular 
quartz rock cannot be procured. Fire clay is also abundant along the limestone range in York; 
and, whatever the material used for the lining, this will form the best mortar. 
In selecting the site, of course convenience to the quarry will be a prime condition, and, if possi- 
. 
