OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 271 
enterprise, if it be not abandoned altogether. And this is the plain and simple history of many a 
Southern manufacturing establishment. 
Nothing is deemed an ore that does not contain, at least, 20 per cent. of iron. I have already 
pointed out the general character and position of the ores of the State, and it only remains now to 
examine their chemical composition. 
A glance at the map of the iron region, will show how very remarkably the ores lie in relation to 
each other; if there is such another locality, in the United States, presenting, as this does, the three 
great workable ores, lying side by side, I am not aware of it. 
‘These ores differ in their composition very materially, and in practical operations, these differ- 
ences must be kept distinctly in view. The brown hematite or hydrous peroxide of iron, contains 
about 14 per cent. of water in combination. It is the ore used exclusively at the Cowpens, and at 
the Pacolet works. It presents several varieties, which need not be described here, as there are only 
two recognised at the works, namely, the ‘honey comb’ ore, a porous variety containing yellow 
ochre, and the compact variety including fibrous hematite, which is not so highly prized at the fur- 
naces as the former, and is said not to work so well. 
The following is the composition of the honey comb ore from the Jackson bank, near Cherokee 
ford. 
RGrOXING) CHARON oan a nn a es Se oe 79.50 
DMR ees ee eee eee on eer er 12.10 
URES) Ce oS HOS CSS SEED Ses GOCE GCS Spe SOE 8.00 
COSA? GER CEG) CRSP Segre BeOS Coe See Sea eee 0.40 
_ 100.00 
~—— = 
This ore therefore contains 55.50 per cent. of iron. 
A specimen of the fibrous variety, gave: 
Eeroxideron i002 oot tae as on on ao age = an ao er ee 81.00 
WiSlerte sw 6 aie ee ee Soe a oe Sree Sera een aan ona See een Le: 00 
TRON BIG TORGLOR, Saves eri oi aire wis USER SG alig lt 5.70 
Oxideonean pan csOren ane ok mene ec leanne see OOO 
100.00 
This ore, therefore, contains nearly 57 per cent. of pure iron. 
Both of these varieties are worked, as I have said, at the Pacolet works, and it may be mention- 
ed in proof of their practical value, that the pigs made from them are puddled without the interven- 
tion of the finery furnace. Nails of excellent quality are made from the iron, no bad test of its te- 
nacity and other good qualities. 
The red hematite, [ have shown, has resulted from the magnetic ore, and in truth this ore is very 
frequently a mixture of the two. At some distance below the surface, black grains of the protoxide 
become quite abundant; it often assumes the grey color of magnetic ores, but a stroke of the ham- 
mer shows the red powder, characteristic of the red hematite. 
A good specimen of this ore from the Hardin bank, yielded : 
Peroxide of ronje- =o 2b eh se oe oa eae aoe eee 86.00 
nsolnble Tater aan = eno a see oe ee ton en ee ima 13.60 
@xide 10: Manganese,< = ee ee one eee one = A0 
100.00 
t 
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