XXXIV ANALYSIS OF MARLS. 
put in the Steeper, which is filled with water by pumps, or, if the locality admits, by troughs from a hill-side. 
Laths are placed over the weed, which is entirely immersed under the water, where it remains till sufficiently 
steeped. The indications by which the sufficiency of the steeping is judged, are various, and mainly depend on 
experience. If the fermentation stops, or the leaves cease to be brittle, or the water subside, it is drawn from 
the Steeper into the Beater, the former being elevated above the latter to admit the free passage of the liquid 
through troughs. When in the Beater a wheel, with arms placed on a shaft, is used to stir and agitate the 
liquid for about fifteen minutes. Lime water is then added from the lime vat till a cloudy hue appears; with 
an addition of lime water, it is again agitated thirty or forty minutes, until granulation begins. After beating, 
or this process of agitation, the liquor remains at rest about four hours, when, from its affinity for and combi- 
nation with the lime, and from its greater specific gravity, the dye stuff is precipitated and the liquid is drawn 
off. The drug deposited at the bottom of the Beater is then collected and removed into a box five feet square 
and fourteen inches deep, called the Drainer, which is placed on a bed of sand, and inside of which, and in 
contact with the sand, is a coarse cloth, (cotton osnaburghs.) From the Drainer the Indigo is placed ina box 
three feet long and fourteen inches wide, called the Press, in which a stout cloth is also put and folded over the 
Indigo. It is then pressed till sufficiently dry, and cut into pieces about two inches square, which are placed 
separately for several days, and then put into barrels for market. 
ANALYSIS OF MARLS FROM THE VICINITY OF CHARLESTON. 
By Cuanres Urnam Suerarp, Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of the State of South Carolina. 
In connexion with my lately completed course on Chemistry applied to agriculture, the following results were 
obtained, which, as they were in some respects novel to myself, may not prove wholly uninteresting to others. 
The specimens examiued may be conveniently referred to, under the following names : 
1. Yellowish gray chalk-marl; 2. Greyish white chalk-marl ; 3. Agillaccous chalk-marl ; A. Marly lime- 
stone. 
1. Yellowish grey chalk-marl. (Green marl.) 
This is a loose, slightly cohering stone, much freckled with brown and blackish grains. It easily crumbles 
down when wetted, at the same time assuming a dark, greenish grey color. When the crumbling particles 
are thoroughly washed with water, so as to float off the finer powder, we discover, with the aid of a common 
microscope, little fra. ments of shells, zoophytes and echinoderms, as well as of bones, mingled with fine grains 
of sand, and occasionally with particles of green earth. Dry lumps of this marl do not emit the argillaceous 
odor on being moistened. 
(a.) From Mr. J. P. Clement’s plantation, on the west bank of Ashley River, fourteen miles above Charles- 
ton. The bank is 30 feet above the bed of the river, and directly contiguous to navigable water. 
SiliGa Ree eee xe oi otis te ee er Se ee 28.00 
Carbonate of lime, with traces of carb. magnesia,...-.._-.....-------- 58.00 
Phosphate of lime and magnesia, with traces of peroxide of iron,..--.__- 8.80 
Mlermiina gt ol! Goats wuihiead ih Leet) Lae seme 468 ae 0.80 
Wiatere. a. i225. 95s 3S6e0 hoe eee ee 2 oe a yore 4.00 
99.60 
