PopulatioHy ^c. in Penjylvania. 187 



low fettlements, his floors are made of boards j 

 his roof is made of what are called clab-boards, 

 which are a kind of coarfe fhingles fplit out of 

 fhort logs. This houfe is divided by two floors, 

 on each of which are two rooms. Under the 

 whole is a cellar walled with (lone. The cabin 

 ferves as a kitchen to this houfe. His next ob- 

 ]tdi is to clear a little meadow ground, and plant 

 an orchard of two or three hundred apple trees. 

 His ftable is likewife enlarged, and, in the courfe 

 of a year or two, he builds a large log-barn, the 

 roof of which is commonly thatched with rye 

 ftraw. He, moreover, increafes the quantity of 

 his arable land, and infliead of cultivating Indian 

 corn alone, he raifes a quantity of wheat and rye. 

 The latter is cultivated chiefly for the purpofe of 

 being ditlilled into whifky. This fpecies of fet- 

 tler by no means extracts all from the earth which 

 it is able and willing to give. His fields yield 

 but a fcanty increafe, owing to the ground not 

 being fufficiently ploughed. The hopes of the 

 year are often blafted by his cattle breaking 

 through his half-made fences, and defliroying his 

 grain. His horfes perform but half the labour 

 that might be expefted from them, if they were 

 better fed ; and his cattle often die in the fpring 

 from the want of provifion, and the delay of grafs. 

 His houfe, as well as his farm, bears many marks 

 of a weak tone of mind. His windows are un- 

 glazed, or if they have had glafs in them, the 



ruins 



