Appendix. 443 



confidercd as connefted with the literary hiftory of phyfiog- 

 nomy.* 



Aftrology feems to have been taught as a fubdivifion of 

 what we term aftronomy from the time of the Chaldeans, f 

 Egyptians, t Greeks, § Romans || and Arabians fl down till 

 very late in the feventeenth century.** It is no wonder 

 therefore that men ftiould be led away by prejudices of 

 fo long continuance, efpecially when they were aided by 

 what are now properly regarded as accidental coincidences of 

 events, with aftrologic obfervations ; while the more numer- 

 ous cafes of failure, which feemed to contradift the 

 principles of the art, were attributed to the errors of the 

 pen. The ancient name for aftronomy itfelf, efpecially 

 among the Romans, was aftrology, and the profeffors 

 were named indifcriminately Chaldeans, Genethllacs, 

 Aftrologers, Mathematicians and Babylonians ; ft ^"<i ii^ 

 all probability the phyfiognomifts and genethllacs who 

 abounded under the emperors, were for the moft part the 

 fame perfons, fince in thofe times phyfiognomy and aftro- 

 logy were both fpecies of the ars divinatrix. During 

 the middle ages, aftrology was now and then cultivated in 

 Europe, and feems to have been more in vogue than 

 the illicit fpecies of divination commonly called magic : 

 the latter had the prejudicesof all good chriftians to encoun- 

 ter, whereas the former was regarded as an allowable ap- 

 plication of fuperior knowledge, and is mentioned even by 

 Thomas Aquinas, in terms rather of approbation than 



* A great deal of what 1 had intended to include in this appendix. 

 Dr. Feriar has fo well faid in his paper on Popular Illufions, that I fliall 

 be very brief on thofe fubjefts which he has touched. 



f Cic. de div. lib. II. Aul. Cell. lib. I. c. 9. and lib. XIV. c. i. 



\ Cic. de div. lib. I. num. 93. § confule loc. cit. || ut fupra. 



^ Golius in Alfragan, p. 253. •• Vofl". de Philofoph. 



tf Befide the paflages before cited, fee Not. Cronov. in Aul. Cell, 

 lib. XIV. c. I. JuUFIrm. 



, reproof. 



