SECRETARY’S REPORT 55 
Woodland to relatively late Creek villages dating from the period 
1675-1836. The latter present the possibility of a specific identi- 
fication of sites from ethnohistorical evidence, as well as an unusual 
opportunity to use the direct-historical approach in establishing a 
regional chronology. 
The manifestations in the Columbia Dam and Lock and Oliver 
Dam basins are an integral part of the entire picture in the Lower 
Chattahoochee Valley and must be studied in conjunction with those 
in the Walter F. George section. Complete coverage of those two 
projects was not possible in the time devoted to the reconnaissance, 
but it was determined that there are at least 14 sites in the immediate 
area of the Columbia Dam which will be affected by construction 
activities. One is a major mound site probably dating about A.D. 
1200, already half destroyed by the river, which calls for immediate 
investigation. Three others are major village sites attributable to the 
Weeden Island cultural pattern. In the Oliver Dam district there are 
at least 15 known sites including mounds, early village locations, and 
caves giving evidence of Indian occupation. The series encompasses 
a period of at least 3,000 years. 
The entire history of aboriginal development in that portion of the 
Chattahoochee Valley is contained in the river bottoms and low ter- 
races which will be flooded by the three reservoirs. Very little archeo- 
logical work has been done there and an extensive program of excava- 
tion is indicated. In addition, further surveys should be made in 
districts not covered during the recent investigations. 
Arkansas.—In the Dardanelle Reservoir Basin on the Arkansas 
River in west-central Arkansas, excavations were made in five sites, 
and two new sites were located and recorded during the period from 
March 18 to May 7. All seven of the sites involved were in the lower 
portion of the reservoir area. One rock shelter was almost com- 
pletely excavated and four open sites were extensively tested. Little 
was found at the excavated sites to indicate the type of dwelling or 
structures erected by the people. However, a considerable collection 
of artifact material was recovered which shows that the sites pri- 
marily represent the Archaic Period and that their ceramics were 
related to the Lower Mississippi Valley sequences. Only slight in- 
fluences were noted from the Caddoan area to the west and southwest. 
The two new sites found by the field party represent a mound-village 
complex and a historic Cherokee location. Because of adverse 
weather and unusually heavy rains during the period the party was in 
the Dardanelle area, not so much work was accomplished as had been 
contemplated, and it was recommended that similar excavations be 
made during the following fiscal year in upper portions of the reser- 
voir basin. 
492520595 
