74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958 
individual posts in prepared post holes. Directly beneath those re- 
mains was evidence for a large rectangular “town-house” type of 
structure measuring 44 feet in length and 26 to 27 feet in width, 
with the doorway opening toward the south. The individual post 
form of construction had also been used in erecting that structure. 
Immediately beneath it and resting upon sterile red clay were the 
fragmentary remains of two small circular trench-type houses, the 
earliest form of house found throughout the Southeast. Additional 
work at this location would undoubtedly yield further evidence per- 
taining to the sequence of house forms and might also give a clue 
to their significance. 
Two unusual ceremonial burials were found in a test area some 40 
feet from the house remains. Tubular-shaped pits with saucer-shaped 
bottoms had been dug in the clean sterile sand of the ridge. The pits 
were approximately 2 feet in diameter and the walls of one had been 
lined with small cobblestones, while those in the other were left in 
their natural state. At the bottom of each pit, 5 feet 5 inches below 
the surface, were the fragmentary remains of a human cranium. 
Other bones may originally have been present, but they had long since 
disintegrated. The rock-lined pit was filled with a dark humic soil 
intermixed with some stones, while the other was filled with clean 
river sand. These burials may represent a new trait for that section 
of South Carolina, Georgia, and the Southeast. The specimens col- 
lected during the course of the work suggest that it was of Cherokee 
origin. The site has been identified, tentatively, as that of the Chero- 
kee Lower Settlements town of Estatoee by some. Others think 
further evidence is needed to demonstrate that such was the case, 
since historically it supposedly was on the South Carolina side of 
the river. Additional excavations are certainly warranted at that 
location. 
Cooperating institutions—In addition to the several State and 
local institutions cooperating in the Missouri Basin, others partici- 
pated in the Inter-Agency Salvage Program in a number of areas. 
The University of Arizona carried on investigations in the Painted 
Rocks Reservoir basin on the Gila River in Arizona. The Museum 
of Northern Arizona continued its explorations in the Glen Canyon 
Reservoir area on the Colorado River. The University of Utah also 
cooperated in the Glen Canyon project, working the upper end of 
the basin. The University of California made surveys and conducted 
excavations in the Trinity Reservoir area on the Trinity River, the 
Terminus Reservoir on the Kaweah River, in the Coyote Valley 
Reservoir area on the Russian River, and in the Washoe Reservoir 
basin on the Truckee River. The University of Southern California 
