ROCKETRY—-COX AND STOIKO 269 
Airone is a solid-propellant, surface-to-surface missile approximately 
6 feet long and 3 inches in diameter. Range is reported to be over 
6 miles. The Robotti is a surface-to-air missile propelled by a liquid 
rocket engine using nitric acid and aniline. It is the opinion of many 
rocket experts that Italy has excellent research potential and will 
within the next few years become a leader in the missile production 
field. 
JAPAN 
Japan, one of the more recent entries in the missile field, is described 
as one of the most enthusiastic. This country’s missile activities in- 
clude military rocketry, research rocketry, and space-flight studies. 
The military rockets include the MM-1i and the TMA-O-AC. The 
MM-1 is an air-to-air guided missile, and the TMA-O-AC is identi- 
fied simply asa military rocket. 
Japan’s research rocket program is the result of a decision of the 
National Science Council of Japan to participate in the 1957-58 Inter- 
national Geophysical Year (IGY). As part of this program, a de- 
cision was made to use sounding rockets to supplement balloon obser- 
vations. To develop these rockets in time for the IGY, a 4-year mis- 
sile development program was initiated. This program called for a 
series of five rockets—the Pencil, Baby, Kappa, Sigma, and Omega— 
which would progressively lead to a very high (150-mile) IGY sound- 
ing rocket. Japan announced in October 1957 that one of her rockets 
had gained a 75-mile altitude. 
FRANCE 
In Europe, France has been one of the leaders in the missile field 
since the end of World War II and has established an impressive 
record with her relatively limited resources. Her missile develop- 
ments have been geared to the type of war she feels she is most apt to 
fight. In line with this philosophy, antiaircraft and wire-guided 
antitank missile research has been emphasized. 
Some of the better known antiaircraft missiles are the Navy’s 
Maruca and Masalea, and the Army’s Sud—Est (SE) series and 
LRBA-DEFA’s ramp-launched PARCA. 
In the antitank category, the SS10 and the SSil programs are 
outstanding. The first program, the SS10, includes the SFECMAS- 
5200 and DEFA’s Entac missiles. These two missiles are almost 
identical in range and velocity. Both are wire controlled and can 
be launched againsié tanks either from the surface or from the air. 
The second program, the SS11, includes the SFECMAS-5210 missile, 
which is said to be a longer range version of the SFECMAS-5200. 
Four other surface-to-surface missiles of importance include: 
(1) Zborowski’s BTZ-411.01 bazooka-type, two-stage, solid-propellant 
