ROCKETRY—COX AND STOIKO peril 
and enlisting the aid of many of its former specialists, made ex- 
ceptionally good use of both. 
Although many, if not most, of her current missiles reflect the 
design and thinking of the German influence, Russia today is com- 
pletely on herown. The transition from almost complete dependence 
on German know-how to complete independence took place essentially 
within three 5-year periods. 
The first period, from 1945 to 1950, was one in which the Rus- 
sian missile industry depended a hundred percent on the experi- 
ence of the German rocket specialists in all branches. This was 
the Russian learning period. It is reported that from the beginning 
the Russians followed a policy of picking clean the Nazi rocket 
scientists’ brains. Soviet scientists and engineers observed every 
move the Germans made and quizzed them endlessly on the Peene- 
miinde experiments and general German rocket theory. 
In the second period, from 1950-55, Russian specialists began to 
phase out their German counterparts. And finally, in the third 
period, i.e., since 1955, the Russian missile industry has been entirely 
on its own and is making tremendous headway. 
Today, the Russian arsenal not only includes special application 
missiles, such as their satellite-launching and high-altitude research 
vehicles, but also has missiles in all four major military categories: 
air-to-air, air-to-surface, surface-to-air, and surface-to-surface. The 
last category, surface-to-surface, includes the particularly important 
submarine underwater-launched missile. 
In the air-to-air category the Russians basically have two missiles, 
the 3.2-inch rocket and M-100 series. The 3.2-inch rocket is the 
standard missile in this category. It is said that the 3.2 is a carryover 
from the German World War II R4M, which was a spin-stabilized, 
short-range, solid-propellant missile. 
The M-100 and M-100A are higher performing rockets from the 
same family. The M-100A is approximately 8 feet long and 10 
inches in diameter, and weighs between 100 and 200 pounds. It isa 
production missile propelled by a solid-propellant motor with a range 
of about 5 miles. 
There are reported to be four missiles in the air-to-surface group: 
the RS82, RS132, RS-URS-132, and the Comet III. The first three 
of this grouping are unguided solid-propellant missiles, and the 
Comet III, which is radar guided, has a range of approximately 
100 miles. 
The surface-to-air category lists three missiles: the M-1, T-7, and 
the T-8. The first vehicle, the M-1, is 14.7 feet long, 22 inches in 
diameter, and has a takeoff gross weight of 3,300 pounds. It is solid- 
boost launched, sustained by a hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine 
