FRESH WATER FOR ARID LANDS—JENKINS 303 
live at elevations less than 1,500 feet above sea level. Thus, consid- 
erable ultimate municipal and industrial use of converted saline water 
in these areas seems assured. 
Finally, a word as to the future. As I have pointed out, the need 
for substantially new discoveries of phenomena or processes for saline- 
water conversion is not always understood. It is believed possible that 
a considerable amount of further basic research to discover phenomena 
and processes not yet explored will prove justified. There are equal 
possibilities for much additional progress in the development and 
improvement of the specific processes discussed and partly explored to 
date in the quest for low-cost saline-water conversion. ‘These possi- 
bilities as well as those of basic research should be greatly furthered 
by improved coordination of the efforts of the various countries con- 
cerned with a view to building on the foundation laid by the 
Washington Symposium and continued by this Symposium. 
REFERENCES 
1. Picton, W. L. Water use in the U.S. 1900-1975. U.S. Dept. Commerce 
Business Service Bull. 136, 1956. 
2. Preliminary survey of the saline water resources of the U.S. U.S. 
Geol. Sury. Water Supply Pap. 1374, 1957. 
3. Saline water conversion report for 1957. U.S. Dept. Interior, January 1958. 
4. Saline Water Act. U.S. Congr. Publ. Law 448, 82d Congr., 2d Sess., July 
3, 1952. Amended by Publ. Law 111, 84th Congr., Ist Sess., June 29, 1955. 
5. Proceedings, Symposium on Saline Water Conversion 1957. Nat. Acad. Sci.- 
Nat. Res. Counc. Publ. 568, 1958. 
6. Tribus, Myron. Energy considerations in the preparation of fresh water 
from the sea. Unpublished paper. [January 1949.] 
7. Research on the minimum energy requirements for sea water conversion 
processes. Saline Water Conversion Program Research and Development 
Progress Rep. No. 9. 
8. Chapman, O. L.; Lineweaver, G. W.; and Jenkins, D.S. Demineralization of 
saline waters. A compendium of existing and potential separation proc- 
esses, phenomena, and energy sources. U.S. Dept. Interior, October 1952. 
9. Saline Water Conversion Program Research and Development Progress 
Rep. Nos. 1 to 20. Office of Saline Water, U.S. Dept. Interior. 
10. Heinz Engineering Company. Compression distillation with steam turbine 
power. Rep. submitted to U.S. Dept. Interior, March 1955. 
11. Cywin, Allen. Summary of industrial accomplishment and research in 
saline water distillation. Proceedings, Symposium on saline water con- 
version 1957. Nat. Acad. Sci.-Nat. Res. Counc. Publ. 568, pp. 29-34, 1958. 
12. Badger, W. L. Production of potable water from sea water by various 
combinations of thermocompression and wmultiple-effect evaporation. 
Prepared for U.S. Dept. Interior, Office of Saline Water, 1955. 
13. Jenkins, D. S. Fresh water from salt. Sci. Amer., vol. 196, No. 8, 
March 1957. 
14. Research on and development of Badger-Hickman centrifugal distillation 
techniques and equipments. Saline Water Conversion Program Research 
and Development Progress Rep. No. 12. 
