PHYLOGENY OF THE PAL.«OGNATH.E AND NEOGNATH.E. 279 



b. Toes two iu number ; tarso-metatarsus far exceeding the femur in length. 



c'. Ectocnemial crest small, a mere tubercle on proenemial ; fibula extending 

 to level of proximal tarsal mass ; extensor groove obsolete ; a deep ento- 

 condylar pit continued backwards into a groove ; the lateral ventral 

 border of ento- and ecto-condyles continued backward and upward to 

 project spur-wise from the shaft Struthio. 



c. Toes four ; tarso-metatarsus short. 

 d'. Extensor bridge wanting. 



c". Femur long and slender; tibio-tarsus with a deep intercondylar gorge; 

 entocoudyle very large, projecting conspicuously in front of shaft in 

 lateral view ; none of the phalanges conspicuously shortened . . . Apteryx. 

 d". Femur very short and thick, with enormous great trochanter; tibio- 

 tarsus without intercondylar gorge, ento- and ecto-condyles not being 

 clearly distinguishable : Ph. 2. D. I. short ; Ph. 2, 3, 1-. D. IV. short . JEpyornis. 

 d. Extensor bridge jjresent; femur short ; ento-condyle of tibio-tarsus large, 



resembling that of Apteri/x Dinormthida>. 



List of Works referred to or consulted. 



1. Ali.\, p. H. E.— Syrinx of Rhea. Bull. Soc. Philomat. 1874, p. 38. 



2. Allis, T. — On the Skeleton of the Apteryx. Joixrn. Linn. Soc, Zool. xi. 1873, p. 523. 



3. Andrews, C. W. — Note on a complete Skeleton of /Ejjyornis from Madagascar. Geol. Mag. 



vol. iv. 1897, p. 241. 



4. Andrews, C. W. — On the Skull, Sternum, and Shoulder-girdle of jEpyornh. Ibis, 1896, 



p. 376. 



5. Bedd.^rd, F. E. — On the Heart of Apteryx. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 188. 



6. Beddard, F. E. — On the Alimentary Canal of the Martineta Tinamou. Ibis, 1890, vol. iil. 



pp. 61-66. 



7. Beddard, F. E. — The Structure and Classification of Birds. 1898. 



8. Beddard, F. E. — Notes on the Anatomy of the Genus Apteryx. Novitates Zoologicse, 



vol. vi. 1899, pp. 38(5-402. 



9. Beddard, F. E. and Mitchell, P. C. — On the Structure of the Heart of the Alligator. Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1895, pp. 343-349. 



10. Blumexbach, J. F. — Abbildung. naturliistor. vol. viii. 



11. BoECKiNG, A. — De Rhea americana. Diss. Inaug. Bonn, 1863. 



12. BuRCKHARDT, R. — Veher yUpyomis. Palseontol. Abhandl. ueue Folge, Bd. ii. Heft 2 (Jena, 



1893). 



13. Cunningham, R. O. — Notes on some Points in the Osteology of Rhea americana and Rhea 



darwini. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 105. 



2q2 



