BA 
or less broad ovals on the laterals). Then again, the Sacer 
never has much, and commonly shows scarcely any sign, of a 
cheek stripe, while in all the others it is well marked. Further, 
the Peregrine is distinguished at all times from the Jugger, by 
its huge broad cheek patch, which in the Laggar is at most, 
about a quarter of an inch broad, and by the entire absence of 
barring on the centre tail feathersin F. Jugger, which absence 
equally distinguishes this latter from both Perigrinator and 
Babylonicus. From Babylonicus, both Perigrinator and Peregrinus 
differ in the cheek stripe, which is narrow in the former, as in 
the Jugger, but very broad and strongly marked in the two 
latter; but Babylonicus, as far as my experience goes, is not of 
the Jugger type of brown plumage, the old birds becoming 
slatey, or greenish bdue, as do both Perigrinus and Perigrinator,* 
while the oldest Jugger, is never more than slatey brown. 
Then as to Perigrinator, and Peregrinus, the comparatively 
rich rufous colouring at all ages, of the under parts, and the very 
dark head and nape of the former, (whence, and not as Jerdon says 
by corruption from Kohi, comes I believe the native name of 
I€oeila, “ charcoal’’) at once separate the two species. There are 
other distinguishing points, which I shall notice hereafter; but 
these are sufficient, I think, to enable any one to discriminate the 
five species, at present admitted. 
Since the above was written, I have met with the following 
remarks: As to the specific identity of all the Peregrines, (of the 
northern Hemisphere at any rate,) in the Ibis for 1868. The 
writer, Mr. J. H. Gurney is, I believe, unquestionably the first 
living authority, in regard to raptorial birds. 
“T have for many years made a point of examining, as careful- 
ly as I have been able, as many specimens as possible of the 
Peregrine Falcon, from all parts of both hemispheres, where that 
widely-spread species occurs, and I have found myself entirely 
unable to detect, any constant specific difference that may be 
relied on, between the three supposed species: Fulco Peregrinus, 
LF, Anatum, and EF. Nigriceps. 
In this case, as in that of the Osprey, specimens from the Paci- 
fic Coast, (where this Falcon ranges from Vancouver’s Island 
northward, to Chili southward) appear to be ofa slightly small- 
er average size, than those found in the countries of North 
native points. I hope all who can, will send me Faleons. Most assuredly, two 
species are now confounded under Sacer, and two under Perigrinator. 
* This may be wrong, and the Shaheen, which becomes blue like a Pere- 
grine, but has a black head, may be entitled to separation as £. Alriceps 
(nobis) q. v. 
