112 
Mr. R. Thompson remarks—“ I have observed these birds 
make their appearance in our Gurhwal forests in March. I 
have never found a nest, nor do I know when they breed. 
“‘ They are quick and lively in their motions, hawking insects 
with swallow-like agility, and after a long flight, betaking 
themselves to a tree, always getting on some high dead branch. 
“ Their flight is rapid, direct, and made with frequent flappings 
of the wing, like the Sand Martins. On one occasion at Almor- 
ah, one passed close to where I was standing ; it was, I think 
during the month of October.” 
I believe this species to be migratory, spending the warmer 
portion of the year, from March to November, in well-wooded 
portions of the hilly country; between 2500 and 9000 feet 
altitude. They must therefore breed with us, and their first 
nest is a prize that I hope yet to see secured ; but where do they 
spend the winter? As yet no one seems to have seen them in 
the plains or even in the Terai, and it seems pretty certain that 
they are not permanent residents in our territories. Do they 
recross the snow (as the red-footed Hobby seems to do) when 
the cold weather begins to set in? and if so, where do they go ? 
Where, in the barren steppes of Central Asia, can they find food ? 
(to judge from the specimens that I have killed, they are entire- 
ly insectivorous) or do they work eastward towards the provinces 
that form the head-quarters of the genus, which is essentially 
a south-eastern* type ? 
No. 21. Astur Palumbarius, Liv. 
Ture GosHAWK. 
The Goshawk breeds in India, so far as I have been able to 
ascertain, only in the higher regions of the Himalayas, in the 
immediate neighbourhood of the snows. A pair of very young 
birds were brought late in July, while I was at Simla, for the 
Rajah of Putialla from near the Chor, and the Shikaree asserted, 
that he had taken them out of a nest, placed near the top 
of some kind of Fir or Pine tree. 
Mr. R. Thompson, an enthusiastic faleoner by the way, tells 
me that “they breed from March to June, building on trees, a 
* There are Hieraa Sericeus (Kittle) from the Philippine Islands and 
China. H. Fringillarius (Drapiez) from Malay (extending, Blyth says, 
sparingly into the southern Tenasserim provinces, where it meets Huéol- 
mus) Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, ZZ. Melanolewcus from Assam, 
and if distinct, H. Hrythrogenys (Vigors), from the Philippines. 
