203 
elongated than it usually is in S. Cirrhatus ; second, by the 
bill being somewhat deeper and more powerful, and the tarsi 
somewhat shorter, in S. Caligatus than in S. Cirrhatus, the 
comparison being, of course, made between individuals of equal 
general size ; third, by the wider geographical range of S. Oali- 
gatus, which is found not only in India and Ceylon, but also 
in Burmah, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java ; 
fourth, by the tendency to melanism, which is of constant 
occurrence in S. Caligatus, while in S. Cirrhatus such a variety 
is very rare. This black variety of S. Caligatus has been 
observed in Java, to be permanent and hereditary, and to be 
commoner in that island than the paler race. Some naturalists 
have indeed, considered it as specifically distinct ; and such is 
the opinion expressed by Dr. Bernstein (a resident in Java) in 
a very interesting paper published in Cabanis’s Journal of 
Ornithology, Vol. VIII. p. 417. The adult of the paler race 
is figured by Temminck in the Pl. Col. pl. 127, under the 
title of ‘ Falco Niveus ;? and the same work contains a figure, 
in pl. 134, of the dark variety, under the name of ‘ Mulco 
Limnaetus ;? the latter is also figured in Horsfield’s Zoolo- 
gical Researches in Java, Aves, pl. 3. 
“In conclusion I may recapitulate the species of Asiatie Spi- 
zaetus which I have above enumerated, and which, in my 
opinion, may be considered as distinet :— 
“ Spisaetus Alboniger, Blyth; S. Lanceolatus, Temminck ; 
S. Kieneri, De Sparre; S. Philippensis, nobis; S. Nipalensis, 
Hodgson ; S. Cirrhatus, Gmelin; S. Caligatus, Raffles.” 
Dr. Jerdon remarks that he is not aware that that S. Cali- 
gatus (described by him under the name of Limnetus Niveus) 
occurs in Upper India. I have already put on record Mr. 
Thompson’s remarks as to its occurrence in the Gurhwal and 
Babur forests, and I may note, that I have killed it myself in 
various portions of the Sub-Himalayan ranges, as far west as 
the Jumna. 
No. 34(dis). Spizaetus Andamanensis.* TyTLer. 
Tue ANDAMAN HAwx-HAGtLe. 
I have never myself seen this species in a wild state, but my 
friend, Col. Tytler, has furnished me with the following note in 
regard to it. 
* Tn these notes, I intend to include, where I have such by me, brief de- 
scriptions and notices of Andamanese and Cingalese species, not given in Dr. 
Jerdon’s work. 
