207 
(Prof. Schlegel must excuse me, but it is a fact,) can possibly 
confound together. 
In Cirrhatus, the upper surface of the adult is considerably 
lighter than in Nipalensis, and the feathers, of the head, nape, 
and upper back are comparatively light brown, centred more 
or less broadly, with dark brown ; while in the adult Nipalensis 
there is scarcely a trace of paler edgings in the feathers of the 
head, and none in those of the upper back. In Cirrhatus, 
the cheeks, and ear coverts are pale brown, each feather with a 
very narrow central dark brown stripe, while in the same 
parts in Wipalensis, the blackish central stripes occupy nearly 
the whole feather. In Cirrhatus, the breast and upper abdomen 
are pure white, each feather with a huge broad, dark brown 
central stripe on the terminal half. ‘lhe whole of the lower 
abdomen, vent, lower tail coverts, sides, flanks, and _ tibial 
plumes are nearly uniform umber brown, without in the adui¢, 
even a trace of white mottling. In Mipalensis on the other 
hand the whole of the breast, except the extreme upper portion, 
the sides, flanks, abdomen, vent, lower tail coverts, and tibial 
plumes, are deep umber brown, paling on the abdomen and 
towards the vent, every where broadly, regularly and conspi- 
cuously, transversely barred with white; the bars being 
broadest and least numerous on the sides and body, and 
narrowest and most numerous on the tibie. The axillaries 
of the fully adult Cirrhatus are of a pale umber brown slightly 
darker towards the centre, without a trace of bar or mottling, 
while the axillaries of Nipalensis are broadly and conspicuously 
barred with white. 
The crests in these two species are excessively similar ; quite 
as long in one as in the other, both black and more or less 
conspicuously tipped with white, but really, with this exception, 
no two birds of the same genus, can well be more unlike each 
other than are the perfect adults of Cirrhatus and Nipalensis. 
It should mention also another difference which will I think 
be found constant ; viz. inthe bandings of the tail. In Cirr- 
hatus and Limnaetus, the space between the broad terminal bar 
and the next one is always considerably broader than the 
terminal bar itself, while the succeeding bars are generally 
narrower than the interspaces. In Nipalensis on the other 
hand the first space is narrower, or, at any rate, not broader, 
than the terminal band, while the succeeding spaces are nar- 
rower than the bars. Moreover there is a greater contrast in 
colour between the bars and interspaces and a somewhat 
sharper definition of these in Vipalensis, than in the other two 
species. 
