301 
dia early in October, (I have twice seen specimens in the last 
week of September,) and the great majority leave by the close of 
incomplete fulvous white bars, the lesser under wing coverts fulvous, or pale 
rufous white, the feathers mostly darker centred, The greater lower wing 
coverts mostly a brown or rufous brown, and for the most part, edged and tip- 
ped with fulvous white or pale rufous. The longest of the lower tail coverts 
are rather conspicuously tipped with pale rufous. 
Females differ considerably, in the amount of rufous, on the top and_ back 
of the head, back and sides of neck, etc. In some, the prevailing line is ru- 
fous, there being only very narrow brown centres to the feathers, but in 
others, the brown much predominates, the feathers having only somewhat 
natrow rufous margins, The extent and amount of the rufous tipping to 
the feathers of the back and rump varies much, as also the extent and 
depth of rufous in the tail, and on the lower parts. 
Young.— Lores, forehead, a patch under the eyes, a streak over the eyes, to 
upper corner of the ruff, and a broad patch on the nape, (which latter has 
several of the central feathers brown tipped, white. Bristles of the lores 
black. A patch in the anterior corner of the eye, continued as a very narrow 
streak over the eye, under the white line, and beyond the posterior angle of 
the eye, backwards, till it joins the top of the ear coverts, dark umber 
brown. The whole top of the head warm umber brown, faintly margined 
with rufous, where it infringes on the white supercilium, and white nape 
patch. The whole of the nape, upper back, scapulars, and wings (except in 
some specimens some of the median coverts) nearly uniform umber brown, but 
the quills with a trace of darker banding. Most of the median wing coverts 
in some specimens so broadly edged with pale ferruginous or buff, as to show 
but little of the brown: these edgings entirely wanting in others. The wing- 
let, greater coverts, secondaries, and most of the primaries very narrowly 
paler tipped. Feathers of the lower back and rump, the same brown as the 
rest of the upper parts, but each feather distinctly tipped with buff. The up- 
per tail coverts often pure white. One or two of them only, with an ill-de- 
fined brown patch: in other cases marked as in the adult female. Two 
centre tail feathers dark umber brown, with four bars of lighter greyish 
brown. The next four feathers the same dark brown, but tipped and barred 
with ferruginous or buff, which is brighter and more extensive, as the feathers 
recede from the centre. Exterior tail feather almost entirely rufous buff, with 
two, irregular, dark brown bars, and a trace of a third. Patch from the lower 
mandible, over the cheeks, and embracing the ear coverts, rich dark umber 
brown. Round this, posteriorly, the ruff uniform pale rufous buff, except just 
where it separates the white eye streak from the white nape patch, where the 
feathers are mingled with dark brown. Sides of the neck, below the ruff, 
which is thus clearly defined, dark unber brown. Chin whitish, with black 
bristles at the tip, Whole lower parts of the body, including lower tail coverts, 
uniform, rufous, fawn or pale ferruginous. ‘The lining of the wing the same, 
but paler, and the largest of the lower wing coverts mottled with brown. 
The lower surface of the quills greyish brown. The primaries very dis- 
tinctly barred, and with more or less white replacing the brown. The first 
three primaries conspicuously emarginate on the inner webs, and the third 
and fourth on the outer webs. Lower surface of the tail exterior feathers 
nearly uniform pale fawn, with only an indistinct trace of three ill-defined 
bars. The four next feathers umber brown, with fulvous white tips, and two 
well marked, fulvous white, broad bars. The two centre feathers with scarce- 
ly a trace of paler tipping, and with three narrower greyish bars. 
