308 
It probably breeds in Bengal and Assam; Col. Tytler tells 
me that he feels almost certain that he has procured it all 
near the carpal joint in the black bar), pure white, in some specimens 
fulvous white, in others tinged grey. Tail feathers pale, greyish, dove colour, 
or very pale, silvery brown, narrowly tipped white, and all but the central 
feathers, broadly margined interiorly with white. Lower breast, abdomen, sides, 
flanks, lower tail coverts, wing lining, and axillaries pure white. Lower 
surface of tail and quills, except the first six primaries (which are black) 
albescent or white. 
A somewhat younger specimen, had the black everywhere more or less 
intermingled with dusky brown. This stage is correctly figured by Le Vail- 
lant, (Birds of Africa, p. 32) and Radde mentions a similar specimen, in the 
Vienna Museum. 
Young Male. The whole head, nape and back of neck, clove brown, each 
feather broadly margined with pale rufous. Upper back and scapulars, 
uniform, clove brown. Lower back and wings, a slightly lighter shade of the 
same colour. Some of the longest feathers of the back, with two obscure, 
terminal, rufous spots, (one on each web); the edge of the wing rufous white 
and many of the lesser coverts faintly or boldly (it varies in different speci- 
mens) margined, with fulvous or rufous white. Upper tail coverts pure 
white,(in one fulvous white) dark shafted, and with a conspicuous, oval, rufous 
brown, subterminal spot. The tail feathers a somewhat greyish, pale brown, 
narrowly tipped with fulvous white, and with broad, rather darker brown, 
transverse bars. The exterior lateral feathers have the ground colour much 
paler and tinged rufous, and the transverse bars narrower and less perfect. 
The whole of the lower parts, are buffy or rufous white, with central, rufous 
brown stripes, broad on the lower breast and upper abdomen, almost obsolete 
on the chin and thigh coverts. The cheeks and ear coverts are dull, rather 
sandy rufous, some of the longer feathers centered darker towards the tips, and 
(in some specimens) all darker shafted. The primaries have the greater por- 
tion of the inner webs, pale rufous white; they are barred with darker 
brown, the bars being wide apart and most conspicuous on the lower surface 
of the wing. The lower surface of the quills is grey brown on the terminal 
halves, with darker brown tips and bars, while the basal halves are a some- 
what rufous buff, with traces of a few transverse brown bars. The wing 
lining, is rufous buff, many of the feathers with rufous brown centerings ; the 
axillaries are rufous buff, the shafts darker, and two or more very broad, 
irregular, transverse, red brown bars, which, in some specimens, run into one 
another, and occupy nearly the whole surface of the feather. The winglet, 
greater primary coverts, and the exterior webs towards their bases of some of 
the later primaries, grey, all with broad, transverse, brown bars. 
Other young males are altogether less rufous below, the ground colour 
being almost white, and the central stripes narrower. In these the tail is 
greyer, and the bands narrower, and the winglet, primary greater coverts and 
exterior webs of primaries, are more decidedly grey, (quite silver grey on the 
two former) and the brown transverse bars more conspicuous. Most of the 
axillaries are pure white, with large brown spots, or imperfect, transverse 
bars. 
These descriptions of the young males were originally taken from speci- 
mens in “ Tytler’s Museum,” but have subsequently been compared with others. 
As regards the quills, Radde remarks, that the second and fifth are almost 
equal, the second only exceeding the 5th by about 0:08, but in a very fine 
specimen now before me, the second exceeds the 5th by 0°9. The sixth he 
