ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE PAMIEIBS. 
[Adapted to the New Zealand Genera. | 
Tus Key is intended to help beginners in naming a bird, by directing 
them to the family to which it belongs. To use it, begin at | on the left 
hand, and then follow to the number indicated on the descriptive line, 
that answers to the specimen under examination. 
18 
Toes, united by a membrane F 
Columbidae, P. 38 
Toes, margined with a broad membrane 
Toes, free, without a membrane 2 
\ Toes, three before and one behind 3 
2 Toes, _two before and two behind ei sit bee 
Toes, ‘three before and none behind _ ... fee Charadiade,* p. 24 
3 5 Hind toe on the same level as the others 4 
ay Hind toe elevated above the others 15 
4 Bill, hooked ; claws, very sharp 5 
Bill, straight, or curved : ; claws, moderate, or blunt ali’ 1 
5 { Legs, naked ns .. Falconide, p. 1 
( Legs, feathered ... Strigide, p. 2 
g | Legs, very short 7 
Legs, moderate, or long ee So ae 
"i Bill, short and weak se se jee Hirundinide, p. 3 
Bill, long and strong us Alcedinide, p. 3 
{ Bill, strong and conical : a bes 52 at eae 
8 Bill, soft, swollen at the base ee As Columbide, p. 21 
( Bill, weak, or curved : se ee se aye i 
9 { Bill, long, straight 10 
Bill, short, very strong ait -@ AL 
af S 
10 \ Legs and neck, very long ... Ardeide, p. 26 
| Legs and neck, moderate Sturnide, p. 16 
ie Nostrils exposed . Lanide, p. 15 
Nostrils covered by projecting feathers | ie ... Corvide, p. 16 
i) Nostrils covered by a scale M ... Turdide, p. 13 
12 Tongue, with a brush, or fringe, at fe tip 13 
Tongue, smooth at the tip ae 14. 
13 Tongue, extensile es sii bi Meliphagide, p. 4 
Tongue, not extensile ve an . Upupide, p. 4 
\ Bill, broad at the base, surrounded with bristles .. Minwee nae p. 14 
14 Bill, slender ; nostrils, exposed af ... Lucinide, p. 9 
( Bill, slender ; nostrils, covered by a scale re ...Certhiade, p. 7 
15 } Bar long a ee ab cs Sa do GEG 
Bill, short a a bat se Tetraonide, p. 22 
Wings, long, and pointed . Be Es Scolopacide,* p. 28 
16 { Wings, short, and rounded — ta it ... Rallide, p. 31 
Wings, obsolete s es Apterygide, p. 22 
17 Three front toes connected ; tee toe, on or none bas Ma Hoge 
All four toes connected... ses 1 ae Pelecanide, p. 49 
18 Wings, long and pointed “ise as bh ee ee 
Wing feathers, rudimentary bad Le Ptilopteri, p. 52 
19 Bill, broad and flat Ss sas ay. . Anatide, 2 30 
Bill, as high as broad ee bes vy ae 20 
20 Nostrils, exposed oi oe ~~ Tee p- 39 
Nostrils, in tubes Se seis ma Procellaride, p. 43 
2] Bill, hooked ; base, with a cere si Le Psittacide, p. 18 
Bill, shightly “curved ue a Ses ...Cuculide, p. 20 
* « Strepsilas ” has a hind toe, ‘‘ Himantopus” has none. 
