65 



isi . Aqiiila hellaca heliaca Savignv, Descr. Egypte 

 Ois. p. 82, p]. 12 (1809). "[Upper Egypt.] 

 Imperial Eagle. 



JSize similar ; forehead and crown blackish 

 brown : edge of wing and some of scapulars 

 white, forming a conspicuous shoulder patch ; 

 immature fawn colour, tail imiform. 

 181a. Aqiiila heliaca adalberti Brehni, Ber. Vers, 

 deutsch. Orn. Ges. 1860, p. 60. (1861.) 

 [Spain.] 

 White -shouldered Eagle. 



Rather smaller : lengtli $ 30, wing 23 in. ; 

 plumage brown, paler below ; head brown, 

 nape jDatch fulvous ; quills, larger scapulars 

 and tail blackish-brown, latter with fulvous 

 tip and obsolete ashy bars ; edge of wing 

 white, forming consi^icuous white shoulder ; 

 immature ashy-brown, tail darker, with 

 terminal band of fawn. 

 182. Aquila nipalensis nipalensis Hodgs., Asiat. 

 Res. xviii, pt. 2, pi. 1, pp. 13-16 (1833). 

 [Neiml.] 

 Eastern Steppe Eagle. 



Smaller : wingcJ 21.50, $ 22.50. 

 182a. Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cab., J. f. 

 1854, p. 369. [Sarepta, Volga.] 

 Western Steppe Eagle. 



0. 



Length 2 31, wing 22 in. ; o length 28, 

 wing 20 in. ; general colour above and below 

 tawny to rufous brown ; head and neck 

 somewhat marked with darker brown ; 

 scapulars and wing-coverts darker brown, 

 blotched with pale brown ; quills and tail 

 blackish-brown, with indications of greyish 

 bars ; under parts streaked with darker 

 brown : immature tawny, tail brown tipped 

 with fulvous. 



Aquila rapax rapax (Temm.) PI. Col., pi. 

 455 (1828). [Pte. merid. de VAfrique.] 

 Tawny Eagle. 



S.E. Europe 

 to C. Asia, 

 N. India, 

 China, Burma. 



Sjjain ; N.W. 

 Africa. 



Central Asia 

 N.W. India, 

 and E. 

 Siberia ; in 

 winter to 

 Africa. 



Steppes of 

 S.E. Europe 

 and W. Asia. 



Africa, from 

 Caj^e Colony 

 N. to C. and 

 E. Africa ; 

 C. Asia and 

 N.W. India. 



