114 BULLETIN 86, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Habits. — So far as known, this species is nonmigratory, and in 

 general habits similar to the other members of the genus. It is 

 said to breed often in colonies in September on the sand banks 

 and beaches of the Amazon River and its tributaries; and its eggs 

 are described as creamy or buffy white with numerous grayish 

 markings. 



Pliylogemj. — The Brazilian subspecies Chordeiles rupestris 7mpes- 

 tris, seems, from its wide geographical distribution and central loca- 

 tion, to be the oldest form. Both Chordeiles rupestris xyostictus 

 and Chordeiles rupestris zaleucus are thus doubtless more recent 

 offshoots, merely geographic races modified into such by isolation or 

 environment. 



History. — This species was first described by Spix, in his famous 

 work on the birds of Brazil,^ from specimens obtained on the Rio 

 Negro. Its literature is limited, and it appears to have no synonyms. 

 All the references to its literature, so far as possible, will be given 

 under the headings of the subspecies, as perhaps of interest. 



CHORDEILES RUPESTRIS RUPESTRIS (Spix). 



Caprimulgus rupestris Spix, Avium Spec. Nov. Bras., voL 2, 1825, p. 2, pL 2 

 ("insulis petrosis fl. Nigri "). 



ClJwrdeiles]. rupestris Gray, Genera Birds, vol. 1, January, 1847, p. 49. 



[Clwrdeiles] rupestris Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium, vol. 1, 1850, p. 63. — 

 Gray, Hand-List Gen. and Spec. Birds, vol. 1, 1869, p. 61 (part, Rio 

 Negro, Brazil). — Giebel, Thesaur, Ornith., vol. 1, 1872, p. 669 (part).— 

 SCLATEE and Salvin, Nomencl. Avium Neotrop., 1873, p. 96 (Ama- 

 zonia). — Sharpe, Hand-List Gen. and Spec. Birds, vol. 2, 1900, p. 80 

 (part, Amazonia). 



Chordeiles rupestris Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Thiere Bras., vol. 2, 1856, 

 p. 393 (Rio Negro, Brazil). — Sclater, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 279 

 (upper Amazon River) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 18G6, p. 135 (part, 

 rocky islands of Rio Negro, Brazil). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 583 (upper Rio Negro, Brazil). — Pelzeln, Ornith. 

 Bras., 1868, p. 14 (Rio Guapor§; Rio Mamore; Manaqueri, Rio Soli- 

 moens, Brazil). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 

 626 (Prov. Moxos, Bolivia). — Haktert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 

 1892, p. 617 (crit. ; part; Para and Pernambuco, Brazil); Tierreicb, 

 Lief. 1, 1897, p. 20 (crit). — Nehkkorn, Kat. Eiersammlung, 1899, p. 

 158 (eggs, Amazon River). — Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paulista, vol. 4, 1900, 

 p. 257 (descr. eggs) ; vol. 6, 1905, p. 443 (Rio Jurua, Brazil).— Goeldi, 

 Album Aves Amazonicas, fasc. 3, 1906, pi. 46, fig. 8 (Rio Purlis, Brazil).— 

 Ihering and Ihering, Cat. Fauna Bras., vol. 1, Aves, 1907, p. 132 

 (part ; Matto Grosso ; Rio Amazonas ; Para ; Rio Negro ; Pernambuco ; 

 Rio Juruit; and Amazonas, Brazil; Bolivia).— Snethlage, Journ. f. 

 Ornith., January, 1908, p. 18 (Cachoeira and Bom Lugar on Rio Purfis, 

 Brazil).— Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., vol. 17, December, 1910, p. 378 (part, 

 Jamarysinho, on Rio Madeira, Brazil). 



1 Avium Spec. Nov. Bras., vol. 2, p. 2, pi. 2. 



